AHRC Challenges of the Future: Public Services

This report addresses the state of UK university-led design research in the context of public services. It identifies centres of excellence and their supporting infrastructure and maps the research landscape through a review of projects and research centres. It presents salient themes, questions and approaches within practice and details the role that design research may play in the future of public service research and innovation. Reviewing the innovative capacity of design research undertaken in the public service context, it looks at the methods, strategies and skills that afford this capacity. It identifies developmental opportunities to support further work in this context andprovides insight into future collaborations, partnerships and consortia to support activity and drive co-investment between academia, government and industry. The report aims to: •Increase awareness of how design creates high-level societal and economic benefit in the public service context. •Understand how academic design research functions strategically and how it is operationalised within this context. •Understand how university collaborations are critically important in supporting innovationwithin this context. •Understand how collaborations are initiated and sustained to add social and economic value. The research was conducted from March to June 2020 and complements five other AHRC fellowships focused on design research for place, future mobility,artificial intelligence, clean growth and policy. Reflecting its long-standing support of design research, AHRC appointed 5 Design Research Fellows. These short-term, intensive Fellowships were aimed at assessing the value of UK university-led design research to the UK’s industrial strategy

Urban Ecosystem Services and Tourism

Urban tourism depends on the place specific qualities of destinations. In many cities, climate change poses a threat to these qualities, through increasing risk of excessive heat, draught and flooding. Cities need to adapt to reduce these risks. One way of doing this is to improve their green infrastructure. Urban forests, parks, rivers and wetlands may help reduce the effects of climate change in cities. At the same time, green infrastructure provide a variety of ecosystem services to the community. In particular, cultural ecosystem services such as recreation, andesthetical values take place in urban green infrastructure; they provide value in the form of improved experiences. These mainly benefit the locals but they may also be important for tourism. Such relations between ecosystem services and tourism have in earlier literature been recognized in rural contexts but very seldom in urban. This paper reports preliminary findings from qualitative case studies in the South of Sweden and Berlin, Germany. They focus on how urban planning projects (primarily aimed at mitigating GHG emissions and adapting to climatechange) can be extended to develop places where experience values for both residents and visitors are created alongside other kinds of ecosystem services. We suggest that the need for climate change adaptation in a city may be used as a means to improve its place specific qualities as a tourist destination. By developing green infrastructure in innovative and environmentally friendly ways, the quality of ecosystem services improves, including those relevant for both visitors and residents. Protecting and building green infrastructure, therebyenhancing a city´s visible qualities and its reputation as a sustainable destination, may also be valuable in marketing the city

Evaluating the Impact of Nature-Based Solutions: Appendix of Methods

The Handbook aims to provide decision-makers with a comprehensive NBS impact assessment framework, and a robust set of indicators and methodologies to assess impacts of nature-based solutions across 12 societal challenge areas: Climate Resilience; Water Management; Natural and Climate Hazards; Green Space Management; Biodiversity; Air Quality; Place Regeneration; Knowledge and Social Capacity Building for Sustainable Urban Transformation; Participatory Planning and Governance; Social Justice and Social Cohesion; Health and Well-being; New Economic Opportunities and Green Jobs. Indicators have been developed collaboratively by representatives of 17 individual EU-funded NBS projects and collaborating institutions such as the EEA and JRC, as part of the European Taskforce for NBS Impact Assessment, with the four-fold objective of: serving as a reference for relevant EU policies and activities; orient urban practitioners in developing robust impact evaluation frameworks for nature-based solutions at different scales; expand upon the pioneering work of the EKLIPSE framework by providing a comprehensive set of indicators and methodologies; and build the European evidence base regarding NBS impacts. They reflect the state of the art in current scientific research on impacts of nature-based solutions and valid and standardized methods of assessment, as well as the state of play in urban implementation of evaluation frameworks

Bit Bang 7: Future of Energy

This book is the 7th in the Bit Bang series of books produced as multidisciplinary teamwork exercises by doctoral students participating in the course Bit Bang 7: Future of Energy at Aalto University during the academic year 2014–2015. The course aims at fostering teamwork and multidisciplinary collaboration, as well as providing participants with a global, futurecentric perspective on the energy sector. The growing global demand for energy and diminishing natural resources are driving the development of eco-efficient energy sources, new ways of doing business, and designing our living environment. Bit Bang 7 addresses the topic of energy sources and technologies from the perspective of their economic, environmental and social sustainability. The course elaborates on the interconnectedness of these phenomena, and links them to possible future scenarios, global megatrends and ethical considerations. Will we see disruptive changes in our energy future? Can we impact consumption patterns, ways of doing business, and our way of life? Are we creating a sustainable future for the generations to come? Working in teams, the students set out to answer questions related to the changing energy sector and to brainstorm radical scenarios of what the future could hold. This joint publication contains articles produced as teamwork assignments for the course, in which the students were encouraged to take novel and radical views on the future of energy. The Bit Bang series of courses is supported by the Multidisciplinary Institute of Digitalisation and Energy (MIDE). Previous Bit Bang publications are available from http:/mide.aalto.fi

BIM Effect on the Quality of Communication in the Project Management of Smart Cities

The concept of smart cities points out the future cities, which will incorporate IoT and digitalization for facilitating the communication among people, their devices, government services, and various facilities that can provide enough services for the enormous population in the future cities. To achieve the goal of having the ideal smart cities, it is necessary to go digital and plan for having virtual imagination for every component in the cities, including the construction facilities. BIM method as a means of having a virtual vision of each element of the construction project glows in mind as one sort of assistance to reach this target. This thesis investigates the impact of BIM on the quality of communication in the future smart cities based on the literature review of the three smartest cities including Singapore, London, and Manchester.:Table of Contents List of Figures IV List of Tables V List of Abbreviations VI 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Problem Statement 1 1.2 Aim of the Study 3 1.3 Research Question 4 1.4 Methodology 4 1.5 Structure of Work 5 2 Research Methodology 6 2.1 Introduction 6 2.2 Overview of Common Research Methods 6 2.2.1 Inductive Method 6 2.2.2 Deductive Method 7 2.2.3 Inductive vs. Deductive Method 8 2.2.4 Quantitative Research 8 2.2.5 Qualitative Research 9 2.2.6 Tools for Data Collection 10 2.3 Research Scheme of This Thesis 16 3 Literature Review and Historical Background 19 3.1 Introduction to BIM 19 3.2 BIM Definition 20 3.2.1 National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) 20 3.2.2 Autodesk 22 3.2.3 Associated General Contractors of America (AGC) 22 3.3 BIM Levels 24 3.4 Application of BIM 25 3.4.1 Advantages of BIM 27 3.4.2 Disadvantages of BIM 29 3.5 History of employing BIM in construction projects 30 3.5.1 Before the year 2000 30 3.5.2 After the year 2000 31 3.6 Communication in construction projects 32 3.6.1 Communication, Combination of Factors 32 3.6.2 Communication Disorders in Construction Projects 33 3.7 BIM and Project Management 35 3.7.1 BIM vs. PMBOK 36 3.8 Smart Cities 36 3.8.1 Communication in smart city projects 37 3.8.2 Project Management in Smart Cities 39 3.9 Literature Review or Relevant previous studies 40 4 Case- Study 44 4.1 Singapore 44 4.1.1 BIM Use in Singapore 45 4.1.2 ITS Projects in Singapore 49 4.1.3 Intelligent Productivity and Safety System (IPASS) 50 4.1.4 Addressing Communication Challenges by BIM in the projects in Singapore 50 4.2 London, United Kingdom (UK) 52 4.2.1 Smart Projects in London (UK) 53 4.2.2 BIM Use in UK 55 4.2.3 Addressing Communication Challenges by BIM in the projects in UK 56 5 Conclusion 61 5.1 Summary of results 61 5.1.1 Findings of the Questions 62 5.2 Further Research Recommendation 63 Bibliography VII

THE PUERTO RICO TOWER, CAMPECHE. STUDY OF A UNIQUE CASE IN MAYAN ARCHITECTURE

[EN] One of the most outstanding aspects of Mayan culture is its remarkable progress in the subject of astronomy. According to very recent research, astronomical knowledge of the Mayans can be confirmed on the inscriptions of sculptural monuments, codices and some buildings dedicated to this purpose. The cylindrical tower of Puerto Rico, Campeche, the only one of its type documented in the Yucatan peninsular, has been related with phenomena of astronomical commemoration. During the month of June 2010, a scientific expedition took place to the site with the aim of updating available information about the monument and carrying out preliminary studies regarding its valuation. Methodology used for the analysis consists basically of searching for data and information, via direct and indirect sources, as well as determining its state of preservation from direct observation. The information thus obtained regarding the building allows us to interpret it from an astronomical point of view. The study of this singular monument enables us to identify its characteristics, unique within the Mayan area, and to discover it as a genuine product of constructive technology inherent in this important culture. By means of cultural diffusion, the aim is to promote interventions of recovery in order to bring a stop to its deterioration and allow for future preservation.[ES] Uno de los aspectos más sobresalientes de la cultura Maya es su notable avance en materia de astronomía. Según las investigaciones más recientes, los conocimientos astronómicos de los mayas se pueden constatar en las inscripciones de los monumentos escultóricos, en los códices y en algunas edificaciones destinadas a este fin. La torre cilíndrica de Puerto Rico, Campeche, única en su tipo documentada en la Península de Yucatán, ha sido relacionada con fenómenos de conmemoración astronómica. Durante el mes de junio de 2010 se ha realizado una expedición científica al sitio con la finalidad de actualizar la información disponible del monumento y realizar estudios previos de cara a su puesta en valor. La metodología empleada para el análisis consiste básicamente en la búsqueda de datos e información, mediante fuentes directas e indirectas, así como en determinar su estado de conservación desde la observación directa. La información así obtenida sobre el edificio permite una interpretación del mismo desde un punto de vista astronómico. El estudio de este singular monumento permite identificar sus características únicas en el área Maya y descubrirlo como un producto genuino de la tecnología constructiva propia de esta importante cultura. Por medio de la difusión cultural se pretende promover actuaciones de rescate que detengan su deterioro y permitan su conservación de cara al futuro.Higón Calvet, JL.; May Castillo, M. (2012). LA TORRE DE PUERTO RICO, CAMPECHE. ESTUDIO DE UN CASO ÚNICO EN LA ARQUITECTURA MAYA. EGA. Revista de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica. 16(18):130-149. doi:10.4995/ega.2011.1086SWORD130149161

Art as we don't know it

2018 marked the 10th anniversary of the Bioart Society and created the impetus for the publication of Art as We Don’t Know It. For this publication, the Bioart Society joined forces with the School of Arts, Design and Architecture of the Aalto University. The close history and ongoing collaborative relationship between the Bioart Society and Biofilia – Base for Biological Arts in the Aalto University lead to this mutual effort to celebrate together a diverse and nurturing environment to foster artistic practices on the intersection of art, science and society. Rather than stage a retrospective, we decided to invite writings that look forward and invite speculations about the potential directions of bioarts. The contributions range from peer-reviewed articles to personal accounts and inter-views, interspersed with artistic contributions and Bioart Society projects. The selection offers a purview of the rich variety, both in content and form, of the work currently being made within the field of bioart. The works and articles clearly trouble the porous and provisional definitions of what might be understood as bioart, and indeed definitions of bioart have been usefully and generativity critiqued since the inception of the term. Whilst far from being definitive, we consider the contributions of the book to be tantalising and valuable indicators of trends, visions and impulses. We also invite into the reading of this publication a consideration of potential obsolescences knowing that some of today’s writing will become archaic over time as technologies driven by contemporary excitement and hype are discarded. In so doing we also acknowledge and ponder upon our situatedness and the partialness of our purview in how we begin and find points of departure from which to anticipate the unanticipated. Whilst declining the view of retrospection this book does present art and research that has grown and flourished within the wider network of both the Bioart Society and Biofilia during the previous decade. The book is structured into four thematic sections Life As We Don’t Know It, Convergences, Learnings/Unlearnings, Redraw and Refigure and rounded off with a glossary

Data-Driven Innovation in the Creative Industries

The creative industries – the place where art, business, and technology meet in economic activity – have been hugely affected by the relatively recent digitalisation (and often monetisation) of work, home, relationships, and leisure. Such trends were accelerated by the global COVID-19 pandemic. This edited collection examines how the creative industries can be supported to make best use of opportunities in digital technology and data-driven innovation.Since digital markets and platforms are now essential for revenue generation and audience engagement, there is a vital need for improved data and digital skills in the creative and cultural sectors. Taking a necessarily global perspective, this book explores the challenges and opportunities of data-driven approaches to creativity in different contexts across the arts, cultural, and heritage sectors. Chapters reach beyond the platforms and approaches provided by the technology sector to delve into the collaborative work that supports innovation around the interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral issues that emerge where data infrastructures and approaches meet creativity.A novel intervention that uniquely centres the role of data in the theory and practice of creative industries’ innovation, this book is valuable reading for those researching and studying the creative economy as well for those who drive investment for the creative industries in a digitalised society