Managing the cross-industry networks of the audiovisual sector: a perspective from the independent screen productions in the UK and Taiwan

The thesis is a qualitative account of the much neglected issues of the bottom-up, and interconnected organization of the Cross-Industry Network (CIN) phenomena within the Audiovisual Sector (AVS). The aims are achieved by exploring the why and how of the independent screen content producers in developing CIN during the production process. By conceptualizing the CIN phenomenon as a Complex Adaptive System (CAS), I used its theories as analogies to analyze the multi-case and multi-level studies conducted at two scenarios of independent TV production sector in the UK/ the developed, and the independent film production sector in Taiwan/the developing. My research produced the following four conclusions. 1. From Top-Down Industry Disintegration to Bottom-up Production Reconfiguration The industrial disintegration of the media industry has resulted in the reconfiguration of content production networks and intense self-adaptation of creative producers who are facing multi-directional connections within the CIN during their production process. Such adaptation reveals tensions between the producers’ self-perception as ‘independent’ and ‘creative’ producers and their networking decisions and actions. 2. From Managing the Creative Project to Managing the Creative and Commercial Venture The evolution of the CIN in the creative and media production is not entirely top-down/linear/serial, but more accurately, bottom-up/ non-linear/parallel. These internal self-organizing dynamics enable the production network to radiate outwardly, which induces trade-offs between and beyond commercial and creative priorities. 3. From Distribution-led Value System to Production-led Microcosm The production process has evolved its own diverse CIN, involving different types of relationships, a higher degree of complexity and structural tensions inherent in the value-creating system. Such production-led networking functions are the most fundamental source for developing broader CIN and the economic return for creative producers. 4. From Network Adaptation to Complex Adaptive System The networking activities of independent and creative producers radiate and interact outwards to connect and affect all levels of the network, resulting in unexpected directions and complex collaborations. In particular, the elements of multi-directional adaptation and tensions of the involved network actors have an important impact on the emergence and organization of the network. The main contributions of the research are firstly to have taken a bottom-up analysis by integrating the micro-level organizational complexity of the independent production into the theorizing about the AVS; and secondly, to have placed the intangible values and real practice of creative producers at the centre of the network study

Implementing the FRAND Standard in China

The modern world relies on technical standards, most of which involve standard-essential patents (SEPs). To balance SEP holders\u27fair compensation with standard implementers\u27 access to standardized technologies, standard-setting organizations (SSOs) generally require that their members commit to license their SEPs on a fair, reasonable,and non-discriminatory (FRAND) basis. In recent years, the communications industry has seen a growing amount of litigation concerning SEPs and FRAND in many jurisdictions. As China has grown into a major player and market in the worldwide communications business, its public policy, court decisions, and private business strategies concerning SEPs and FRAND are likely to have a huge global impact in the high-technology sector. The high-profile Huawei v. IDC is the first Chinese court decision ruling on FRAND-encumbered SEPs issues. This is also the first Asian case in which the court determined a FRAND royalty rate to calculate the fee paid by the standard implementer to the SEP holder. Based on the Chinese government\u27s policy toward technical standards and the case of Huawei, this Article identifies two distinguishing features in China\u27s encounter with standard-related issues. The first is the active role played by the government in domestic standard-setting activities, while the second is Chinese courts\u27 civil law approach, associated with good faith, to the enforcement of FRAND commitments. Based on a comparative and critical viewpoint, this Article uses Huawei as an example to illustrate the challenges and perplexities for the judicial determination of a FRAND rate. The reasoning in Huawei is far from sufficient and satisfactory, and it is unclear whether the Chinese courts are tasked to implement the government\u27s industrial policy. Nonetheless, Huawei did identify some crucial factors concerning FRAND and SEPs, and it has had a significant impact on Chinese related standard-setting activities

Innovation Offshoring:Asia's Emerging Role in Global Innovation Networks

Most analysts agree that critical ingredients for economic growth, competitiveness, and welfare in the United States have been policies that encourage strong investment in research and development (R&D) and innovation. In addition, there is a general perception that technological innovation must be based in the United States to remain a pillar of the American economy. Over the past decade, however, the rise of Asia as an important location for "innovation offshoring" has begun to challenge these familiar notions. Based on original research, this report demonstrates that innovation offshoring is driven by profound changes in corporate innovation management as well as by the globalization of markets for technology and knowledge workers. U.S. companies are at the forefront of this trend, but Asian governments and firms are playing an increasingly active role as promoters and new sources of innovation. Innovation offshoring has created a competitive challenge of historic proportions for the United States, requiring the nation to respond with a new national strategy. This report recommends that such a strategy include the following elements: output forecasting techniques ... Improve access to and collection of innovation-related data to inform the national policy debate; Address "home-made" causes of innovation offshoring by sustaining and building upon existing strengths of the U.S. innovation system; Support corporate innovation by (1) providing tax incentives to spur early-state investments in innovation start-ups and (2) reforming the U.S. patent system so it is more accessible to smaller inventors and innovators; and Upgrade the U.S. talent pool of knowledge workers by (1) providing incentives to study science and engineering, (2) encouraging the development of management, interpretive, cross-cultural, and other "soft" capabilities, and (3) encouraging immigration of highly skilled workers.Innovation Networks, Innovation Offshoring, Asia

The Development of Information and Communication Technology Standards in China: A Historical Analysis

China\u27s recent success stories in ICT standardization initiatives are among many remarkable examples to illustrate the country\u27s evolution as an innovation powerhouse. While China\u27s standardization activities experienced significant failure rate in the begging, there is growing recognition that the country may have a higher chance of success in more recent IT standards. In this paper, we provide a historical analysis of China\u27s standardization activities. We identify and analyze several disruptive events related to standardization initiatives such as milestones, catastrophes and legal/administrative happenings (Hannigan, 1995)

Pilot3 D7.1 - Dissemination, communication and exploitation plan

This document is the Communication, Dissemination and Exploitation Plan (D7.1) of the Clean Sky 2 Innovation Action Pilot3. The document defines the communication and dissemination actions to be performed during the project, and the potential exploitation of the project results. A complete strategy of communication is presented, as well as the items and content already prepared for it

Dispatcher3 D7.1 - Project communication, dissemination and exploitation plan

This document is the Communication, Dissemination and Exploitation Plan (D7.1) of the Clean Sky 2 Innovation Action Dispatcher3. The document defines the communication and dissemination actions to be performed during the project, and the potential exploitation of the project results. A complete strategy of communication is presented, as well as the items and content already prepared for it

Stimulus-Organism-Response model for understanding autonomous vehicle adoption in the UK

This paper outlines a conceptual model of the factors affecting the adoption of autonomous vehicles (AV) in the UK based on the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) model. By conducting a critical literature review of literature, 17 factors were identified which were classified based on the concerns of consumers, and the facilitating conditions, of the relevant stakeholders. A preliminary interview with 20 participants in the UK, uncovered three supplementary factors namely company reputation, social policy, and testing of the technology. The S-O-R model, designed to help understand the adoption of AV, is proposed with implications for future research and stakeholders within the AV ecosystem