266,361 research outputs found
Thermodynamic insight into stimuli-responsive behaviour of soft porous crystals
Knowledge of the thermodynamic potential in terms of the independent variables allows to characterize the macroscopic state of the system. However, in practice, it is difficult to access this potential experimentally due to irreversible transitions that occur between equilibrium states. A showcase example of sudden transitions between (meta) stable equilibrium states is observed for soft porous crystals possessing a network with long-range structural order, which can transform between various states upon external stimuli such as pressure, temperature and guest adsorption. Such phase transformations are typically characterized by large volume changes and may be followed experimentally by monitoring the volume change in terms of certain external triggers. Herein, we present a generalized thermodynamic approach to construct the underlying Helmholtz free energy as a function of the state variables that governs the observed behaviour based on microscopic simulations. This concept allows a unique identification of the conditions under which a material becomes flexible
Private Multi-party Matrix Multiplication and Trust Computations
This paper deals with distributed matrix multiplication. Each player owns
only one row of both matrices and wishes to learn about one distinct row of the
product matrix, without revealing its input to the other players. We first
improve on a weighted average protocol, in order to securely compute a
dot-product with a quadratic volume of communications and linear number of
rounds. We also propose a protocol with five communication rounds, using a
Paillier-like underlying homomorphic public key cryptosystem, which is secure
in the semi-honest model or secure with high probability in the malicious
adversary model. Using ProVerif, a cryptographic protocol verification tool, we
are able to check the security of the protocol and provide a countermeasure for
each attack found by the tool. We also give a randomization method to avoid
collusion attacks. As an application, we show that this protocol enables a
distributed and secure evaluation of trust relationships in a network, for a
large class of trust evaluation schemes.Comment: Pierangela Samarati. SECRYPT 2016 : 13th International Conference on
Security and Cryptography, Lisbonne, Portugal, 26--28 Juillet 2016. 201
Artificial intelligence and UK national security: Policy considerations
RUSI was commissioned by GCHQ to conduct an independent research study into the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for national security purposes. The aim of this project is to establish an independent evidence base to inform future policy development regarding national security uses of AI. The findings are based on in-depth consultation with stakeholders from across the UK national security community, law enforcement agencies, private sector companies, academic and legal experts, and civil society representatives. This was complemented by a targeted review of existing literature on the topic of AI and national security.
The research has found that AI offers numerous opportunities for the UK national security community to improve efficiency and effectiveness of existing processes. AI methods can rapidly derive insights from large, disparate datasets and identify connections that would otherwise go unnoticed by human operators. However, in the context of national security and the powers given to UK intelligence agencies, use of AI could give rise to additional privacy and human rights considerations which would need to be assessed within the existing legal and regulatory framework. For this reason, enhanced policy and guidance is needed to ensure the privacy and human rights implications of national security uses of AI are reviewed on an ongoing basis as new analysis methods are applied to data
Trusted-HB: a low-cost version of HB+ secure against Man-in-The-Middle attacks
Since the introduction at Crypto'05 by Juels and Weis of the protocol HB+, a
lightweight protocol secure against active attacks but only in a detection
based-model, many works have tried to enhance its security. We propose here a
new approach to achieve resistance against Man-in-The-Middle attacks. Our
requirements - in terms of extra communications and hardware - are surprisingly
low.Comment: submitted to IEEE Transactions on Information Theor
Rock falls impacting railway tracks. Detection analysis through an artificial intelligence camera prototype
During the last few years, several approaches have been proposed to improve early warning systems for managing geological risk
due to landslides, where important infrastructures (such as railways, highways, pipelines, and aqueducts) are exposed elements.
In this regard, an Artificial intelligence Camera Prototype (AiCP) for real-time monitoring has been integrated in a multisensor
monitoring system devoted to rock fall detection. An abandoned limestone quarry was chosen at Acuto (central Italy) as test-site
for verifying the reliability of the integratedmonitoring system. A portion of jointed rockmass, with dimensions suitable for optical
monitoring, was instrumented by extensometers. One meter of railway track was used as a target for fallen blocks and a weather
station was installed nearby. Main goals of the test were (i) evaluating the reliability of the AiCP and (ii) detecting rock blocks that
reach the railway track by the AiCP. At this aim, several experiments were carried out by throwing rock blocks over the railway
track. During these experiments, the AiCP detected the blocks and automatically transmitted an alarm signal
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