A cognitive model of fiction writing.

Models of the writing process are used to design software tools for writers who work with computers. This thesis is concerned with the construction of a model of fiction writing. The first stage in this construction is to review existing models of writing. Models of writing used in software design and writing research include behavioural, cognitive and linguistic varieties. The arguments of this thesis are, firstly, that current models do not provide an adequate basis for designing software tools for fiction writers. Secondly, research into writing is often based on questionable assumptions concerning language and linguistics, the interpretation of empirical research, and the development of cognitive models. It is argued that Saussure's linguistics provides an alternative basis for developing a model of fiction writing, and that Barthes' method of textual analysis provides insight into the ways in which readers and writers create meanings. The result of reviewing current models of writing is a basic model of writing, consisting of a cycle of three activities - thinking, writing, and reading. The next stage is to develop this basic model into a model of fiction writing by using narratology, textual analysis, and cognitive psychology to identify the kinds of thinking processes that create fictional texts. Remembering and imagining events and scenes are identified as basic processes in fiction writing; in cognitive terms, events are verbal representations, while scenes are visual representations. Syntax is identified as another distinct object of thought, to which the processes of remembering and imagining also apply. Genette's notion of focus in his analysis of text types is used to describe the role of characters in the writer's imagination: focusing the imagination is a process in which a writer imagines she is someone else, and it is shown how this process applies to events, scenes, and syntax. It is argued that a writer's story memory, influences his remembering and imagining; Todorov's work on symbolism is used to argue that interpretation plays the role in fiction writing of binding together these two processes. The role of naming in reading and its relation to problem solving is compared with its role in writing, and names or signifiers are added to the objects of thought in fiction writing. It is argued that problem solving in fiction writing is sometimes concerned with creating problems or mysteries for the reader, and it is shown how this process applies to events, scenes, signifiers and syntax. All these findings are presented in the form of a cognitive model of fiction writing. The question of testing is discussed, and the use of the model in designing software tools is illustrated by the description of a hypertextual aid for fiction writers

Art and Technology: coherence, connectedness, and the integrative field

Merged with duplicate record 10026.1/690 on 03.04.2017 by CS (TIS)This thesis is a theoretical and practical intervention in the field of art and technology. It proceeds from the re-examination of four specific domains that in the past 40 years have considerably informed the invention of new aesthetic forms. They are: art, science, nature and technology. We have identified that each one of these domains and the way they inform one another reflects the influence of a Western analytical tradition based on fragmentation, dichotomies and dualities. In consequence of this, art of the last decades has suffered from a sort of mechanistic thought which results from a predominantly weary aesthetic model, founded in dualities such as: object/process, form/behaviour, meaning/information. The main question that the present study addresses is how to overcome this predominantly reductionist inheritance and to develop an aesthetic model able to interconnect in an integrative fashion those disparate domains, respective discourses and practices? The answer to this question, developed throughout this thesis, is an aesthetic principle built upon the notions of resonance, coherence and field models, rooted in an integrative view of living organisms based on the theory of biophotons. This constitutes the main contribution of the thesis to new knowledge. The theoretical approach of this thesis is developed upon the revision of the concept of form, supported by a Gestalt analysis as provided by Rudolf Arnheim, and has involved the consideration of the ideas of Gilbert Simondon (the concept of "concretisation") and Vilem Flusser (the concept of "apparatus"), in order to gain a deeper insight into the nature of technology. In conclusion, the practice-based methodology of this thesis has been to develop artworks based on the confluence of living organisms (plants) and artificial systems in order to permit empirical observation and reflection on the proposed theory. The major outcome of the practice is the artwork "Breathing", a hybrid creature made of a living organism (a plant) and an artificial system. The creature responds to its environment through movement, light and the noise of its mechanical parts and interacts with the observer through his/her act of breathing. This work is the result of an investigation into plants as sensitive agents for the creation of art. The intention was to explore new forms of artistic experience through the dialogue of natural and artificial processes

Volume 36 Number 1

https://thekeep.eiu.edu/eej/1059/thumbnail.jp

Inherent Safety Intervention Framework

Despite being an attractive proposition in terms of safety and cost performance, the actual implementation of Inherent Safety in design is not widely observed in the industries. This has been documented in publications which indicated the lack of an effective Inherent Safety Quantification methodology and the lack of integration between process design stages with risk and consequence estimation are hurdles to designing inherently safer process plants. Initial attempts by other researches to quantify level of inherent safety resulted in the invention of few indices which are based on reactions involved and have been able to differentiate the level of inherent safety for various routes producing the same product. These indices account for temperature, pressure and presences of the chemicals in the reactions individually. These indices are not able to reflect the interaction of these process parameters and the actual composition of the process streams and their impact on level of inherent safety. This research developed a methodology which is able to differentiate level of inherent safety for various process routes and subsequently of the various process streams within a process route. The new indices known as Process Route Index (PRI) and Process Stream Index (PSI) are based on interactions of various process parameters and actual composition of process streams. These indices are part of the Inherent Safety Intervention Framework (ISIF) which is proposed and proven in this research to allow for proactive identification of consequences of a hazard and subsequently allow modifications based on Inherent Safety principles. Owing to its integration with process simulator, the ISIF can quickly reflect the changes of inherent safety levels when process modifications are simulated iteratively. In order to represent risk in a format familiar to many, this research proposed the concept of Inherent Risk Assessment (IRA) which is similar to Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) which is widely used. Similar to QRA, the IRA represent risk by means of a FN Curve. IRA reflects the inherent risk within the process being designed without yet considering mechanism and procedures to reduce risk to an ALARP level as the design stages progresses along. It is proposed that the IRA be used to determine initial acceptance, by government agencies, of a process being designed based on predetennined set of assumptions. The case studies presented towards the end of this research clearly demonstrated the effectiveness of the ISIF to quantify level of inherent safety at process route selection level using PRJ and using the PSI to prioritize streams for modification purposes. Based on the PRJ, an inherently safer route can be chosen and modification based on the principles of inherent safety can be implemented at the streams scoring higher PSI numbers. The IRA complements the work by representing the level of risk inherent to the process being considered in comparison to the limits set by local authorities

Lawrence University Course Catalog, 2010-2011

https://lux.lawrence.edu/coursecatalogs/1008/thumbnail.jp

2008 GREAT Day Program

SUNY Geneseo’s Second Annual GREAT Day.https://knightscholar.geneseo.edu/program-2007/1002/thumbnail.jp

Proceedings of the UCLA International Conference on Radiation and Remote Probing of the Atmosphere

Various articles are presented on multiple scattering problems and radiative transfer in the atmosphere. Particle size distribution and molecular absorption are also discussed

Building trust in e-commerce

Bibliography : leaves B1-B8.This study primarily investigates the processes and capabilities which are important for building and developing trust in e-Commerce. The main area of focus of this study is on the factors and enablers which can be applied by online retailers to build trust and communicate trustworthiness to online consumers. Throughout the study these factors and enablers are commonly referred to as the 'building blocks of trust in e-Commerce'. It is argued that without trust, e-Commerce cannot reach its full potential and that the building blocks of trust in e-Commerce can be applied to build and develop trust in e-Commerce. This study further investigates consumer perceptions of e-Commerce, and the deterrents to online shopping. Special emphasis was placed on important e-Commerce issues, central to building and developing trust in e-Commerce, such as privacy, security and fulfilment. As part of the recommendations, a conceptual model for building trust In e-Commerce is presented, which maps out the online trust building process with the general building blocks of trust in e-Commerce at its core

The nature and evolution of I. extragalactic radio sources, and II. young stellar clusters

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (p. 611-627).by André B. Fletcher.Ph.D