8 research outputs found

    Deterministic recognizability of picture languages with Wang automata

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    special issue dedicated to the second edition of the conference AutoMathA: from Mathematics to ApplicationsInternational audienceWe present a model of automaton for picture language recognition, called Wang automaton, which is based on labeled Wang tiles. Wang automata combine features of both online tessellation acceptors and 4-way automata: as in online tessellation acceptors, computation assigns states to each picture position; as in 4-way automata, the input head visits the picture moving from one pixel to an adjacent one, according to some scanning strategy. Wang automata recognize the class REC, i.e. they are equivalent to tiling systems or online tessellation acceptors, and hence strictly more powerful than 4-way automata. We also introduce a natural notion of determinism for Wang automata, and study the resulting class, extending the more traditional approach of diagonal-based determinism, used e. g. by deterministic tiling systems. In particular, we prove that the concept of row (or column) ambiguity defines the class of languages recognized by Wang automata directed by boustrophedonic scanning strategies

    Picture languages generated by splicing and assembling til·les

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    Idiomes imatge generats per Empalme i Muntatge Rajoles. L'extensió de l'estudi de les llengües oficials sobre el cas string 2 idiomes dimensionals o idiomes imatge ha estat d'interès per molt temps per les seves vastes aplicacions. En la tesi i l'objecte de dues dimensions més comú estudiat és una imatge que és una matriu rectangular de símbols presos a partir d'un alfabet finit. L 'objectiu d'aquesta tesi se centra en l'estudi de la generació de les classes d'idiomes d'imatge per les operacions de bio-inspirats saber, `Enllaç' i` Auto-Assemblea 'd'ADN-Computing. És a dir, sistema d'entroncament i enrajolats Regla Sistemes H-Array. H-array Empalme Sistema és un formalisme bio-inspirat estès des H-entroncament de la caixa de cadena, un estudi àmpliament investigat introduït per T. Head. Està estructurat com un mecanisme mitjançant l'estudi de les gramàtiques lineals de dues dimensions correctes. Aquest formalisme és un mecanisme que s'aplica al número finit d'imatges trucades imatges inicials amb determinat conjunt de regles d'entroncament de dòmino de columna i fila. El lloc de context en el qual les dues imatges es tallen en columnes i files es va decidir per la seqüència de dòmino adjacents en el conjunt de regles. I llavors el `enganxar 'de la primera part de la imatge a la segona part de la imatge es realitza mitjançant la columna i fila concatenacions respectivament. L'H-Array Enllaç Sistemes s'aplica sobre llengües 2D-RLG generant idiomes Enllaç H-Array (HASL). A continuació, les classes de restricció definides i d'estudi són acte Creu sobre matrius i llenguatges Empalme matriu simples i resultats incomparables es va demostrar amb 2D-RLG, HASL. No són disjunts i es creuen llenguatges recognoscibles. El segon formalisme principal introduït i estudiat a la tesi és Revestiments Sistema de regles . Aquest formalisme genera la imatge pel conjunt de regles de mosaic, muntatge rajoles. Hem demostrat que la classe de L (TS) (Sistema d'enrajolat, llenguatge reconeixible) està continguda en TRuS. A més, vam demostrar existeixen una construcció del formalisme basat en la generació d'imatges en files o columnes que és equivalent a L (TS). L'equivalència es demostra l'ús de sistemes de Wang. Així que porta a una idea interessant d funcionament bio-inspirat (auto-acoblament) a la generació de la imatge.Idiomas de imagen generados por Empalme y Montaje Azulejos. La extensión del estudio de las lenguas oficiales sobre el caso string dos idiomas dimensionales o idiomas imagen ha sido de interés por mucho tiempo por sus vastas aplicaciones. En la tesis y el objeto de dos dimensiones más común estudiado es una imagen que es una matriz rectangular de símbolos tomados a partir de un alfabeto finito. E l objetivo de esta tesis se centra en el estudio de la generación de las clases de idiomas de imagen por las operaciones de bio-inspirados saber, `Empalme 'y` Auto-Asamblea' de ADN-Computing. A saber, sistema de empalme H-Array y sistemas de regla de mosaico. H-array Empalme Sistema es un formalismo bio-inspirado extendido desde H-empalme de la caja de cadena, un estudio ampliamente investigado introducido por T. Head. Está estructurado como un mecanismo mediante el estudio de las gramáticas lineales de dos dimensiones correctas. Este formalismo es un mecanismo que se aplica en el número finito de imágenes llamadas imágenes iniciales con determinado conjunto de reglas de empalme de dominó de columna y fila. El sitio de contexto en el que las dos imágenes se cortan en columnas y filas se decidió por la secuencia de dominós adyacentes en el conjunto de reglas. Y entonces el `pegar 'de la primera parte (o sub-array) de la imagen a la segunda parte de la imagen se realiza mediante la columna y fila concatenaciones respectivamente. El H-Array Empalme Sistemas se aplica sobre lenguas 2D-RLG generando idiomas Empalme H-Array (HASL). A continuación, las clases de restricciones definidas y de estudio son auto Cruz sobre matrices y lenguajes Empalme matriz simples y resultados incomparables se demostró con 2D-RLG, HASL. No son disjuntos y se cruzan lenguajes reconocibles. El segundo formalismo principal introducido y estudiado en la tesis son Revestimientos Sistema de reglas TRuS. Este formalismo genera la imagen por el conjunto de reglas de mosaico, montajes azulejos. Hemos demostrado que la clase de L (TS) (Sistema de alicatado, lenguaje reconocible) está contenida en la TRuS. Además, demostramos existen una construcción del formalismo basado en la generación de imágenes en filas o columnas que es equivalente a L (TS). La equivalencia se demuestra el uso de sistemas de Wang.Picture languages generated by Splicing and Assembling Tiles. The extension of the study of formal languages over string case to two dimensional languages or picture languages has been of interest for long for its vast applications. In the thesis and the most common two-dimensional object studied is a picture which is a rectangular array of symbols taken from a finite alphabet. T he objective of this thesis concentrates on the study of generation of Picture language classes by bio-inspired operations namely, `Splicing' and `Self-Assembly' of DNA-Computing. Namely, H-Array Splicing System and Tiling Rule Systems. H-array Splicing Systems is a bio-inspired formalism extended from H-Splicing from string case, a vastly investigated study introduced by T. Head. In particular it is structured as a mechanism by studying two-dimensional right linear grammars. In elaborate this formalism is a mechanism which is applied on finite number of pictures called initial pictures with given set of column and row domino splicing rules. The context site where the two pictures are cut in columns and rows are decided by the sequence of adjacent dominoes in the set of rules. And then the `pasting' of the first part (or sub-array) of the picture to the second part of the picture is done by column and row concatenations respectively. The H-Array Splicing Systems is applied over 2D-RLG languages generating H-Array Splicing languages (HASL). Then the restriction classes defined and study are Self Cross over Arrays and Simple Array Splicing languages and incomparable results are proved with 2D-RLG, HASL. They are not disjoint and they intersect Recognizable languages. Another and the second main formalism introduced and studied in the thesis is Tiling Rule System TRuS . This formalism generates picture by set of tiling rules, assembling tiles. We have proved that the class of L(TS) (Tiling System, recognizable language) is contained in TRuS . Also, we prove there exist a construct of the formalism based on generating pictures in rows or columns which is equivalent to L(TS). The equivalence is proved using Wang systems. Thus leading to an interesting notion of bio-inspired (self-assembling) operation to picture generation

    A unifying approach to picture grammars

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    Several old and recent classes of picture grammars, that variously extend context-free string grammars in two dimensions, are based on rules that rewrite arrays of pixels. Such grammars can be unified and extended using an approach, whereby the right part of a rule is formalized by means of a finite set of permitted tiles. We focus on a simple type of tiling, named regional, and define the corresponding regional tile grammars. They include both Siromoney’s (or Matz’s) Kolam grammars and their generalization by Pru˚ ša, as well as Drewes’s grid grammars. Regionally defined pictures can be recognized with polynomialtime complexity by an algorithm extending the CKY one for strings. Regional tile grammars and languages are strictly included into our previous tile grammars and languages, and are incomparable with Giammarresi–Restivo tiling systems (or Wang systems)

    A unifying approach to picture grammars

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    Abstract Several old and recent classes of picture grammars, that variously extend context-free string grammars in two dimensions, are based on rules that rewrite arrays of pixels. Such grammars can be unified and extended using an approach, whereby the right part of a rule is formalized by means of a finite set of permitted tiles. We focus on a simple type of tiling, named regional, and define the corresponding regional tile grammars. They include both Siromoney's (or Matz's) Kolam grammars and their generalization by Průša, as well as Drewes's grid grammars. Regionally defined pictures can be recognized with polynomial-time complexity by an algorithm extending the CKY one for strings. Regional tile grammars and languages are strictly included into our previous tile grammars and languages, and are incomparable with Giammarresi-Restivo tiling systems (or Wang systems)

    Regional Languages and Tiling: A Unifying Approach to Picture Grammars

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    reserved3Several classical models of picture grammars based on array rewriting rules can be unified and extended by a tiling based approach. The right part of a rewriting rule is formalized by a finite set of permitted tiles. We focus on a simple type of tiling, named regional, and define the corresponding regional tile grammars. They include both Siromoney’s (or Matz’s) Kolam grammars, and their generalization by Prusa. Regionally defined pictures can be recognized with polynomial time complexity by an algorithm extending the CKY one for strings. Regional tile grammars and languages are strictly included into the tile grammars and languages, and are incomparable with Giammarresi-Restivo tiling systems (or Wang’s tilings).International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science - Toru , Poland- Springer VerlagAlessandra Cherubini; S. Crespi Reghizzi; Matteo PradellaCherubini, Alessandra; CRESPI REGHIZZI, Stefano; Pradella, Matte
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