An Extended Single-Valued Neutrosophic Projection-Based Qualitative Flexible Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Method

With respect to multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problems in which the criteria denote the form of single-valued neutrosophic sets (SVNSs), and the weight information is also fully unknown, a novel MCDM method based on qualitative flexible multiple criteria (QUALIFLEX) is developed. Firstly, the improved cosine measure of the included angle between two SVNSs is defined

공급네트워크 복원력에 대한 통합 모델: 역량, 교환 관계 및 네트워크 속성

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 경영대학 경영학과, 2018. 2. 박상욱.The supply chain management (SCM) activities and its performance become vulnerable due to sudden disruptive events in the business process. Specifically, among three phases (sense, respond, recover) supply chain (SC) experience under disruption, we are interested in post-event recovery activities. For example, after the supply disruption, firms must transfer equipment and switch production to alternative or new suppliers utilizing network capability and flexibility. Such recovery activities are termed as resilience activities or a term, SC resilience. The primary objective of this thesis is to thoroughly investigate all the important attributes related to SC resilience, and to propose a comprehensive scheme to show the level of resilience among multiple firms from a network perspective. This thesis considers three problems in a sequential manner so that the critical issues fostering SC resilience can be practically resolved: (1) to determine the critical attributes for SC resilience(2) to present a network-based structure for managing the levels of resilienceand (3) to propose comprehensive network resilience model for both deterministic and probabilistic situations. This thesis first elicits important resilience attributes, among which a number of determinant attributes are critical for supply chain sustainability. The resilience capabilities introduced in the existing literature are systematically investigated and classified, based on a value hierarchy. A survey study is then conducted in order to validate the important exchange relationship attributes and supply chain capabilities. Second, a graphical representation is proposed to visualize the resilience relationship in a network formation. A node here represents a partner firms resilience capability in the supply network and the network value consists of the positional value of the firm. We then adopt an outranking methodology, concordance discordance approach, to provide a process to identify the improvement priority order. Finally, a total network resilience model is proposed to handle resilience levels and interrelationships of the firms simultaneously. The proposed model is also extended to serve as a probabilistic model, along with a number of sensitivity studies, to improve its applicability. The study may contribute theoretically to the literature as follows: First, this thesis isolated four key determinant attributes of supply chain resilience through a comprehensive analysis of existing capabilities. The impact of the four attributes on resilience has been verified with a survey study. Second, the interrelationships of the firms have been expressed using leader-member exchange theory. Through the survey analysis, it was found that leader member exchange affects supply chain resilience significantly. Third, a bicriterion network resilience model using resilience and network value has been proposed, along with an ordering approach. The network representation visualizes not only all the levels of resilience of the firms but also their influences within the network structure. Fourth, a total network resilience (TNR) model is developed, through which one can handle both resilience and interrelations among the firms. The model is applicable to both deterministic and probabilistic cases. Investigating the impact of supply chain capabilities, exchange relationship, and network attributes on supply network resilience offers a fertile avenue for future research. From supply chain perspective, it is recommended that future studies explore the causal relationships among SC capabilities and SC resilience based on different phases of a disruption (i.e., pre-, during-, and post-disruption). One can also investigate the relational behavior based on divergence or crossvergence contexts for more comprehensive analysis. Another possible research direction is to utilize our proposed TNR model in considering triadic relationship and diverse network structural properties. With a further effort on elaboration, we believe that the research results may prove to be a solid basis for network based research in the area of supply chain management.1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 General background 1 1.2 Research objectives 3 2 PROBLEM STATEMENTS AND LITERATURE REVIEW 6 2.1 Problem statements 6 2.2 Literature review 7 2.2.1 SC capabilities driven SC resilience management 7 2.2.2 Network perspective integrated SC resilience management 8 2.2.3 Exchange relationship based comprehensive network resilience view 10 2.3 Research assumptions, terminologies, and notations 11 2.3.1 Assumptions 11 2.3.2 Terminologies 12 2.3.3 Mathematical notations 14 3 EXCHANGE RELATIONSHIP, SC CAPABILITIES AND RESILIENCE 15 3.1 Theoretical background and conceptual model 15 3.1.1 SC resilience and competitive advantage 15 3.1.2 SC capabilities related to SC resilience 17 3.1.3 Leader-Member exchange theory based SC management 21 3.2 Research design and methodologies 22 3.2.1 Study 1 – Interpretive structural modeling 22 3.2.2 Study 2 – Hypothesis development 30 3.3 Results and analyses 32 3.3.1 Survey design and data characteristics 32 3.3.2 Model reliability and validity 33 3.3.3 Structural effects 34 3.4 Discussion 35 3.4.1 Five partition levels of SC capabilities 35 3.4.2 Insignificant role of flexibility and agility 35 3.4.3 Significance role of LMX on SC capabilities 36 3.5 Conclusions, implications, and limitations 37 4 BICRITERION NETWORK RESILIENCE MODEL 39 4.1 Literature review 39 4.1.1 SC resilience from the perspective of networks 39 4.1.2 SC resilience studies by disruption phases 43 4.1.3 Social network theory based studies on network typologies 44 4.2 Methodology 45 4.2.1 SC resilience capabilities 46 4.2.2 Operationalization of resilience attributes 48 4.2.3 Operationalization of network attributes 49 4.3 Bicriterion network resilience (BNR) representation 50 4.3.1 Network representation (illustration) 50 4.3.2 Prioritization method: Concordance-discordance approach 52 4.4 A case example 56 4.4.1 Prioritization assessment 58 4.4.2 Interpretation 62 4.5 Conclusions, implications, and limitations 64 5 TOTAL NETWORK RESILIENCE MODEL 66 5.1 Literature review 66 5.1.1 Leader-member exchange theory and exchange relation theory 66 5.1.2 Relational studies in SN context 69 5.2 Development of total network resilience (TNR) model 72 5.2.1 Incorporation of SLMX into a network perspective 72 5.2.2 The Structure of Total Network Resilience Model 74 5.3 The TNR model – A probabilistic model 77 5.3.1 Conceptual framework 77 5.3.2 A TNR probabilistic model - An illustration case 78 5.3.3 Sensitivity analysis - SLMX 82 5.3.4 Sensitivity analysis - Network 88 5.4 Discussion 91 5.4.1 Bayesian modeling based approach 91 5.4.2 Critical path based approach 94 5.5 Conclusion, implication and limitations 98 6 CONLCLUSION 101 6.1 Theoretical implications 101 6.2 Managerial implications 102 6.3 Research limitation and future research 103 REFERENCES 107 APPENDIX 120 ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 122Docto

Basic Study on Flood Management Assessment in Metro Manila, Philippines

Flooding is the most frequent and damaging natural hazard worldwide. The resulting impact of flood disasters on society depends on the economic strength of the affected country prior to the disaster. The larger the disaster and the smaller the economy, the more significant is the impact. This is very clearly seen in developing countries, like the Philippines, where weak economies become much weaker after a devastating flood event. In 2009, tropical storm Ondoy, brought heavy rainfalls that produced destructive floods in the northern islands of the Philippines, leaving inconceivable damages, especially in Metro Manila, which caused the Philippine government to re-evaluate its decades\u27 worth of flood management strategies. Deliberate strategies for flood damage reduction, as well as environmental protection, may aid a country (or a community) to efficiently manage scarce resources for flood mitigation. Nevertheless, many governments lack an adequate institutionalized system for applying cost effective and reliable technologies for disaster prevention, early warnings, and mitigation, mainly due to lack of systematic and reliable flood management assessment strategies. In Metro Manila, important decision elements, such as stakeholders\u27 perception and environmental protection are often overlooked in the development of sustainable flood mitigation plans. Stakeholders can significantly contribute in achieving the desired level of prevention and protection in flood disaster-prone regions. Knowledge of the local conditions and understanding of the public\u27s perception can significantly help address the prioritization issues involved in flood management planning. However, the integration of the stakeholders\u27 perception in the appraisal of flood management systems has not yet been clearly established. In the case of environmental protection, environmental impact assessment (EIA) can provide a certain level of awareness on the benefits of environmentally sound and sustainable urban development. However, the common practice of EIA in the Philippines is generally qualitative and lacks clear methodology in evaluating multi-criteria systems. A study that deals with flood management assessment in Metro Manila is thus necessary to find solutions that may help cope with these inadequacies. This study focuses on the following main objectives: 1) to develop a heuristic analytical strategy that helps identify priority concerns in the flood management systems of Metro Manila using a perception-based appraisal, and 2) to develop a systematic and rational evaluation scheme that would help incorporate environmental assessment in the appraisal of flood mitigation measures. To achieve the first objective, an analytical assessment approach was developed to identify and analyze the flood management gaps using the questionnaire-based stakeholders\u27 perception obtained during the aftermath of the tropical storm Ondoy. For the second objective, a quantitative analytical approach was developed for EIA to further enhance the evaluation process in the planning of flood mitigation projects. This dissertation is composed of six chapters: Chapter 1 is the introduction, which contains the background, motivation, and objectives of this study. A comprehensive review of literature and a description of the scopes and methods were presented in this chapter. Chapter 2 focuses on the performance of the flood management systems in Metro Manila. A brief description of the flood management systems used in Metro Manila, before and during the aftermath of tropical storm Ondoy, was provided. The nature and characteristics of the tropical storm, as well as its effects on the flood management systems, were presented in this chapter. A multi-criteria gap analysis technique was developed to examine the flood disaster risk reduction (FDRR) management systems, which is demonstrated using a questionnaire-based database to obtain an explicit representation of the systems\u27 strengths and weaknesses. In this study, 14 out of 17 municipalities in Metro Manila were investigated. Results revealed that small to medium scale flood management gaps exist within the 14 assessed municipalities. Chapter 3 further explores the potential of a multi-criteria gaps assessment technique in the evaluation of FDRR management systems in Metro Manila. Perception-based assessment is inherently vague and imprecise, which often operates in a fuzzy environment. To cope with this, a fuzzy-based analytical approach was proposed to handle the uncertainties in the evaluation process of flood management gaps. The new approach is demonstrated using the same database in Chapter 2. The results reveal that the municipal-based FDRR management systems in Metro Manila are insufficient in terms of flood disaster prevention, preparedness, response and recovery. Larger gaps were found in the emergency response mechanism of the disaster preparedness management system. Chapter 4 deals with the EIA of nine planned structural flood mitigation measures (SFMMs) in Metro Manila. A modified rapid impact assessment matrix (RIAM) technique was proposed to systematically and quantitatively evaluate the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of the planned SFMMs. The distribution of impacts of each SFMM was estimated for each environmental component of the 4 environmental categories. Based on the results, most of the negative and positive impacts of SFMMs occur during their construction and operation phases, respectively. The modified RIAM approach provided a clear panoramic view of the environmental impacts of each assessed SFMM. Chapter 5 presents a new EIA approach that provides enhancement to the modified RIAM technique in Chapter 4. A utility-based assessment approach using the RIAM technique, coupled with a recursive evidential reasoning approach, was proposed to rationally and systematically evaluate the ecological and socio-economic impacts of 4 planned SFMMs in Metro Manila. This new approach quantitatively characterized the overall impact of each of the planned SFMMs which can provide the means for benefit maximization and optimization. Results show that the overall environmental contributions of each of the planned SFMMs is generally positive, which indicate that the utility of their positive impacts would generally outweigh their negative ones. The results also indicated that the planned river channel improvements have higher environmental benefits than the planned open channels. Chapter 6 presents the overall conclusions and recommendations for the assessment of flood management systems in Metro Manila, including the future research works.首都大学東京, 2014-09-30, 博士(工学), 甲第421号首都大学東

Development of an integrated framework for satisfaction assessment of construction project teams

With increasing competitive pressures in today‟s market, it has become critical for businesses to recognise the significance of satisfying their customers so as to ensure their economic stability. Various studies have emphasised on the need for customer focus and project satisfaction in the construction industry sector. The industry, however, has not fully embraced the practice of project satisfaction, which is grounded on meeting the needs of the customer. Though most research on project satisfaction has focussed on the client, it is essential that the satisfaction of the project delivery team and in the wider context, the stakeholders be considered. In this case, the client is the centre of gravity of the project team. In order to satisfy the project team, there are challenges in assessing their requirements. This necessitates the need to develop a unique and robust method for capturing and analysing the level of integrated project team satisfaction. In this research, the project delivery team and the stakeholders have been lumped together as an integrated project team. Therefore, integrated project team satisfaction entails recognising the client and project participants‟ requirements that guarantees project successful completion and acceptance by the team. In view of this, this research presents a framework, which has been developed to plug these needs and challenges. The framework, known as the Satisfaction Assessment Integrated Framework (SAIF) involves an integrated approach that considers the participants of a construction project as a tree structure, and each member of that tree as an intermediate or top element. Relationships and interactions of the elements, and how these affect the overall satisfaction levels of a single project, are analysed based on understanding their requirements and invoking modern satisfaction attainment theory. The framework includes a method for understanding and identifying the satisfaction attributes; multi-attribute analysis for prioritising the satisfaction attributes of the clients and project participants; fault tree analysis strategy for defining the satisfaction relationship in a particular project team; and an assessment scoring system (a combination of multi-attribute analysis, and failure mode and effects analysis methodical approach) that evaluates how much each member of the project team meets the requirements or satisfaction attributes of other participants. Hence, SAIF, a novel assessment methodology, investigates and identifies possible links and the influence of integrating the construction project team and their satisfaction attributes with the aim of improving their satisfaction levels as a team. Through the findings of this research, recommendations are made to further explore the implications of satisfying a given participant against dissatisfying the participant; and subsequently improve the satisfaction assessment process.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo