Automatic Detection and Classification of Breast Tumors in Ultrasonic Images Using Texture and Morphological Features

Due to severe presence of speckle noise, poor image contrast and irregular lesion shape, it is challenging to build a fully automatic detection and classification system for breast ultrasonic images. In this paper, a novel and effective computer-aided method including generation of a region of interest (ROI), segmentation and classification of breast tumor is proposed without any manual intervention. By incorporating local features of texture and position, a ROI is firstly detected using a self-organizing map neural network. Then a modified Normalized Cut approach considering the weighted neighborhood gray values is proposed to partition the ROI into clusters and get the initial boundary. In addition, a regional-fitting active contour model is used to adjust the few inaccurate initial boundaries for the final segmentation. Finally, three textures and five morphologic features are extracted from each breast tumor; whereby a highly efficient Affinity Propagation clustering is used to fulfill the malignancy and benign classification for an existing database without any training process. The proposed system is validated by 132 cases (67 benignancies and 65 malignancies) with its performance compared to traditional methods such as level set segmentation, artificial neural network classifiers, and so forth. Experiment results show that the proposed system, which needs no training procedure or manual interference, performs best in detection and classification of ultrasonic breast tumors, while having the lowest computation complexity

Deep-Learning-Based Computer- Aided Systems for Breast Cancer Imaging: A Critical Review

[EN] This paper provides a critical review of the literature on deep learning applications in breast tumor diagnosis using ultrasound and mammography images. It also summarizes recent advances in computer-aided diagnosis/detection (CAD) systems, which make use of new deep learning methods to automatically recognize breast images and improve the accuracy of diagnoses made by radiologists. This review is based upon published literature in the past decade (January 2010-January 2020), where we obtained around 250 research articles, and after an eligibility process, 59 articles were presented in more detail. The main findings in the classification process revealed that new DL-CAD methods are useful and effective screening tools for breast cancer, thus reducing the need for manual feature extraction. The breast tumor research community can utilize this survey as a basis for their current and future studies.This project has been co-financed by the Spanish Government Grant PID2019-107790RB-C22, "Software development for a continuous PET crystal systems applied to breast cancer".Jiménez-Gaona, Y.; Rodríguez Álvarez, MJ.; Lakshminarayanan, V. (2020). Deep-Learning-Based Computer- Aided Systems for Breast Cancer Imaging: A Critical Review. Applied Sciences. 10(22):1-29. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10228298S1291022Jemal, A., Bray, F., Center, M. M., Ferlay, J., Ward, E., & Forman, D. (2011). Global cancer statistics. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 61(2), 69-90. doi:10.3322/caac.20107Gao, F., Chia, K.-S., Ng, F.-C., Ng, E.-H., & Machin, D. (2002). Interval cancers following breast cancer screening in Singaporean women. International Journal of Cancer, 101(5), 475-479. doi:10.1002/ijc.10636Munir, K., Elahi, H., Ayub, A., Frezza, F., & Rizzi, A. (2019). 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Computer analysis of ultrasound images of thyroid nodules, focusing on their sonographic features and cytological findings.

Ultrazvukové zobrazování patří mezi základní vyšetření uzlů ve štítné žláze, na jejichž základě se rozhoduje, zda pacient podstoupí cytologické vyšetření, které je hlavním podkladem pro rozhodování o případném chirurgickém odstranění štítné žlázy. Cytologické vyšetření má ale bohužel omezenou specificitu a případná operace s sebou nese rizika. Proto jsou hledány další metody, které by byly schopny vnést do diagnostiky více jistoty. Jednou z nových metod je počítačová podpora diagnostiky (CAD), která pomocí analýzy obrazu a strojového učení vykazuje poměrně slibné výsledky. V této práci představujeme dva do určité míry podobné, přesto však odlišné, CAD přístupy. První přístup spočívá v analýze celých uzlů pomocí Segmentation Based Fractal Texture Analysis (SFTA) algoritmu, který rozkládá obraz na jednotlivá šedotónová pásma pomocí metody binární stack-dekompozice. Pomocí tohoto přístupu bylo na datovém souboru 40 snímků hodnocených metodou křížové validace dosaženo přesnosti 92,5 % při použití náhodných lesů a 95 % při použití support vector machines (SVM). Druhý CAD přístup vychází také z metody vícenásobného prahování obrazu, ale s tím rozdílem, že z jednotlivých šedotónových pásem je extrahováno větší množství prediktorů popisujících binární texturu a dále pak, že analýza neprobíhá na uzlu jako celku, ale...Ultrasound imaging is one of the fundamental examinations of thyroid nodules, determining whether a patient undergoes a cytological examination, which is essential for the decision on a possible thyroid surgery. Unfortunately, the cytological examination has limited specificity and potential surgery carries risks. Therefore, other diagnostic methods are being sought with hope that they will be able to bring more certainty into diagnostics. One of the new methods is computer-aided diagnosis (CAD), which exhibits promising results using image analysis and machine learning. In this study, we present two somewhat similar, yet different, CAD approaches. The first approach is based on analysing entire nodules using a Segmentation Based Fractal Texture Analysis (SFTA) algorithm that splits the image into individual grayscale bands. Using this approach, we have achieved an accuracy of 92.4% using random forests (RF) and 95% using support vector machines (SVM) on a data set of 40 images evaluated by the cross-validation method. The second CAD approach is also based on the method of multiple image thresholding, but the difference is, that a larger number of predictors describing the binary texture are extracted from the individual grayscale bands. Furthermore, the analysis did not take place on whole nodules, but on...Institute of Biophysics and Informatics First Faculty of Medicine Charles UniversityÚstav biofyziky a informatiky 1. LF UK1. lékařská fakultaFirst Faculty of Medicin