EVEREST IST - 2002 - 00185 : D23 : final report

Deliverable públic del projecte europeu EVERESTThis deliverable constitutes the final report of the project IST-2002-001858 EVEREST. After its successful completion, the project presents this document that firstly summarizes the context, goal and the approach objective of the project. Then it presents a concise summary of the major goals and results, as well as highlights the most valuable lessons derived form the project work. A list of deliverables and publications is included in the annex.Postprint (published version

A Survey of Green Networking Research

Reduction of unnecessary energy consumption is becoming a major concern in wired networking, because of the potential economical benefits and of its expected environmental impact. These issues, usually referred to as "green networking", relate to embedding energy-awareness in the design, in the devices and in the protocols of networks. In this work, we first formulate a more precise definition of the "green" attribute. We furthermore identify a few paradigms that are the key enablers of energy-aware networking research. We then overview the current state of the art and provide a taxonomy of the relevant work, with a special focus on wired networking. At a high level, we identify four branches of green networking research that stem from different observations on the root causes of energy waste, namely (i) Adaptive Link Rate, (ii) Interface proxying, (iii) Energy-aware infrastructures and (iv) Energy-aware applications. In this work, we do not only explore specific proposals pertaining to each of the above branches, but also offer a perspective for research.Comment: Index Terms: Green Networking; Wired Networks; Adaptive Link Rate; Interface Proxying; Energy-aware Infrastructures; Energy-aware Applications. 18 pages, 6 figures, 2 table

Robotic Wireless Sensor Networks

In this chapter, we present a literature survey of an emerging, cutting-edge, and multi-disciplinary field of research at the intersection of Robotics and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) which we refer to as Robotic Wireless Sensor Networks (RWSN). We define a RWSN as an autonomous networked multi-robot system that aims to achieve certain sensing goals while meeting and maintaining certain communication performance requirements, through cooperative control, learning and adaptation. While both of the component areas, i.e., Robotics and WSN, are very well-known and well-explored, there exist a whole set of new opportunities and research directions at the intersection of these two fields which are relatively or even completely unexplored. One such example would be the use of a set of robotic routers to set up a temporary communication path between a sender and a receiver that uses the controlled mobility to the advantage of packet routing. We find that there exist only a limited number of articles to be directly categorized as RWSN related works whereas there exist a range of articles in the robotics and the WSN literature that are also relevant to this new field of research. To connect the dots, we first identify the core problems and research trends related to RWSN such as connectivity, localization, routing, and robust flow of information. Next, we classify the existing research on RWSN as well as the relevant state-of-the-arts from robotics and WSN community according to the problems and trends identified in the first step. Lastly, we analyze what is missing in the existing literature, and identify topics that require more research attention in the future

Mitigating interconnect and end host congestion in modern networks

One of the most critical building blocks of the Internet is the mechanism to mitigate network congestion. While existing congestion control approaches have served their purpose well in the last decades, the last few years saw a significant increase in new applications and user demand, stressing the network infrastructure to the extent that new ways of handling congestion are required. This dissertation identifies the congestion problems caused by the increased scale of the network usage, both in inter-AS connects and on end hosts in data centers, and presents abstractions and frameworks that allow for improved solutions to mitigate congestion. To mitigate inter-AS congestion, we develop Unison, a framework that allows an ISP to jointly optimize its intra-domain routes and inter-domain routes, in collaboration with content providers. The basic idea is to provide the ISP operator and the neighbors of the ISP with an abstraction of the ISP network in the form of a virtual switch (vSwitch). Unison allows the ISP to provide hints to its neighbors, suggesting alternative routes that can improve their performance. We investigate how the vSwitch abstraction can be used to maximize the throughput of the ISP. To mitigate end-host congestion in data center networks, we develop a backpressure mechanism for queuing architecture in congested end hosts to cope with tens of thousands of flows. We show that current end-host mechanisms can lead to high CPU utilization, high tail latency, and low throughput in cases of congestion of egress traffic. We introduce the design, implementation, and evaluation of zero-drop networking (zD) stack, a new architecture for handling congestion of scheduled buffers. Besides queue overflow, another cause of congestion is CPU resource exhaustion. The CPU cost of processing packets in networking stacks, however, has not been fully investigated in the literature. Much of the focus of the community has been on scaling servers in terms of aggregate traffic intensity, but bottlenecks caused by the increasing number of concurrent flows have received little attention. We conduct a comprehensive analysis on the CPU cost of processing packets and identify the root cause that leads to high CPU overhead and degraded performance in terms of throughput and RTT. Our work highlights considerations beyond packets per second for the design of future stacks that scale to millions of flows.Ph.D

Software Defined Networks based Smart Grid Communication: A Comprehensive Survey

The current power grid is no longer a feasible solution due to ever-increasing user demand of electricity, old infrastructure, and reliability issues and thus require transformation to a better grid a.k.a., smart grid (SG). The key features that distinguish SG from the conventional electrical power grid are its capability to perform two-way communication, demand side management, and real time pricing. Despite all these advantages that SG will bring, there are certain issues which are specific to SG communication system. For instance, network management of current SG systems is complex, time consuming, and done manually. Moreover, SG communication (SGC) system is built on different vendor specific devices and protocols. Therefore, the current SG systems are not protocol independent, thus leading to interoperability issue. Software defined network (SDN) has been proposed to monitor and manage the communication networks globally. This article serves as a comprehensive survey on SDN-based SGC. In this article, we first discuss taxonomy of advantages of SDNbased SGC.We then discuss SDN-based SGC architectures, along with case studies. Our article provides an in-depth discussion on routing schemes for SDN-based SGC. We also provide detailed survey of security and privacy schemes applied to SDN-based SGC. We furthermore present challenges, open issues, and future research directions related to SDN-based SGC.Comment: Accepte