Models and Analysis of Vocal Emissions for Biomedical Applications

The International Workshop on Models and Analysis of Vocal Emissions for Biomedical Applications (MAVEBA) came into being in 1999 from the particularly felt need of sharing know-how, objectives and results between areas that until then seemed quite distinct such as bioengineering, medicine and singing. MAVEBA deals with all aspects concerning the study of the human voice with applications ranging from the neonate to the adult and elderly. Over the years the initial issues have grown and spread also in other aspects of research such as occupational voice disorders, neurology, rehabilitation, image and video analysis. MAVEBA takes place every two years always in Firenze, Italy

Social and Affective Neuroscience of Everyday Human Interaction

This Open Access book presents the current state of the art knowledge on social and affective neuroscience based on empirical findings. This volume is divided into several sections first guiding the reader through important theoretical topics within affective neuroscience, social neuroscience and moral emotions, and clinical neuroscience. Each chapter addresses everyday social interactions and various aspects of social interactions from a different angle taking the reader on a diverse journey. The last section of the book is of methodological nature. Basic information is presented for the reader to learn about common methodologies used in neuroscience alongside advanced input to deepen the understanding and usability of these methods in social and affective neuroscience for more experienced readers

Social and Affective Neuroscience of Everyday Human Interaction

This Open Access book presents the current state of the art knowledge on social and affective neuroscience based on empirical findings. This volume is divided into several sections first guiding the reader through important theoretical topics within affective neuroscience, social neuroscience and moral emotions, and clinical neuroscience. Each chapter addresses everyday social interactions and various aspects of social interactions from a different angle taking the reader on a diverse journey. The last section of the book is of methodological nature. Basic information is presented for the reader to learn about common methodologies used in neuroscience alongside advanced input to deepen the understanding and usability of these methods in social and affective neuroscience for more experienced readers

Differential relationships of childhood trauma and violent behaviour in adolescents with cognitive-emotional deficits

Konvergierende neurobiologische Studien zeigen, dass Negative Kindheitserfahrungen (Adverse Childhood Experiences, ACEs) mehrere dicht miteinander verknüpfte Hirnsysteme beeinflussen und die Entwicklung von Exekutivfunktionen stören, insbesondere die Fähigkeit, unangemessene Affekte und Handlungen zu unterdrücken. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde zunächst untersucht, wie Exekutivfunktionen in nicht-emotionalen (kühlen) und emotionalen (heißen) Situationen (d. h. Emotionsregulation) mit einer hohen Exposition gegenüber ACEs zusammenhängen und ob solche Beziehungen durch akuten Stress verstärkt werden. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass gewalttätiges Verhalten bei Opfern von Kindheitstraumata eher mit Defiziten in heißen Exekutivfunktionen als mit Defiziten in kühlen Exekutivfunktionen verbunden sein könnte, insbesondere unter Stressbedingungen. Insgesamt zeigt diese Studie erstens die Nützlichkeit von OpenFace, einem kostengünstigen und dennoch effektiven Instrument zur Untersuchung des mimischen Verhaltens bei der Emotionsregulation. Zweitens eröffnet sie Perspektiven für eine gezieltere Erforschung von und Interventionen bei ACEs. Drittens bezieht sie Jugendliche ein, eine wenig erforschte Altersgruppe, die sich in einer sensiblen Phase der Entwicklung von Exekutivfunktionen befinden.Converging neurobiological studies show that Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) affect multiple densely interconnected neurobiological systems and disrupt the development of executive functions (EFs), especially the ability to inhibit inappropriate affects and actions, potentially modulating factors in the relationship between ACEs and violent behaviour. This study first sought to assess how EFs under non-emotional (cool) and emotional (hot) situations (i.e. emotion regulation) are related with high-exposure to ACEs, and whether any such relationships would be aggravated by acute stress. Our findings show that violent behavior among victims of childhood trauma might be associated more with deficits in hot EFs than it is with deficits in cool EFs, especially more so under conditions of stress. Altogether, this study first shows the usefulness of OpenFace, a low cost yet effective tool to study facial behaviour in emotion regulation. Second, it opens perspectives towards more targeted research on, and interventions for ACEs, and third, it involves adolescents, a little researched age group, yet a sensitive period of EFs development

Do deaf children with Autism Spectrum Disorder show deficits in the comprehension and production of emotional and linguistic facial expressions in British Sign Language?

Normally hearing children with ASD are often reported to have a lack of interest in others, particularly when looking at faces, as a result of this they manifest difficulties understanding and using facial expressions compared to typically developing controls. Deaf children often show advantages with the processing of the face, as they need to look to the face more to communicate, due to the presence of linguistic facial expressions in British Sign Language (BSL). It is unknown how deaf individuals with ASD will fare when processing faces. This is the first study to look at how deaf children with ASD compare to typically developing deaf controls on a face processing measure and a number of comprehension and production measures looking at affective and linguistic facial actions in BSL. Surprisingly the deaf ASD group showed no general face processing impairment or difficulty attending to the face for the purpose of communication, they did not show characteristics usually associated with hearing individuals with ASD. This suggests the extra experience gained from attending to faces may reduce face processing impairments in deaf individuals with ASD. More research is needed to warrant this conclusion. The deaf ASD group did demonstrate specific impairments with the comprehension and production of some affective facial expressions in BSL. Linguistic facial expressions were largely preserved, with the exception of adverbials. The impairments that emerged in the deaf ASD group were most pronounced when production or comprehension of the face required attributions about the mental states of others. These results suggest that deaf individuals with ASD are not impaired with face processing, rather they have a highly specific and subtle pattern of impairments with using the face in sign language

Emotion and Stress Recognition Related Sensors and Machine Learning Technologies

This book includes impactful chapters which present scientific concepts, frameworks, architectures and ideas on sensing technologies and machine learning techniques. These are relevant in tackling the following challenges: (i) the field readiness and use of intrusive sensor systems and devices for capturing biosignals, including EEG sensor systems, ECG sensor systems and electrodermal activity sensor systems; (ii) the quality assessment and management of sensor data; (iii) data preprocessing, noise filtering and calibration concepts for biosignals; (iv) the field readiness and use of nonintrusive sensor technologies, including visual sensors, acoustic sensors, vibration sensors and piezoelectric sensors; (v) emotion recognition using mobile phones and smartwatches; (vi) body area sensor networks for emotion and stress studies; (vii) the use of experimental datasets in emotion recognition, including dataset generation principles and concepts, quality insurance and emotion elicitation material and concepts; (viii) machine learning techniques for robust emotion recognition, including graphical models, neural network methods, deep learning methods, statistical learning and multivariate empirical mode decomposition; (ix) subject-independent emotion and stress recognition concepts and systems, including facial expression-based systems, speech-based systems, EEG-based systems, ECG-based systems, electrodermal activity-based systems, multimodal recognition systems and sensor fusion concepts and (x) emotion and stress estimation and forecasting from a nonlinear dynamical system perspective

Social and Affective Neuroscience of Embodiment

Embodiment has been discussed in the context of social, affective, and cognitive psychology, and also in the investigations of neuroscience in order to understand the relationship between biological mechanisms, body and cognitive, and social and affective processes. New theoretical models have been presented by researchers considering not only the sensory–motor interaction and the environment but also biological mechanisms regulating homeostasis and neural processes (Tsakiris M, Q J Exp Psychol 70(4):597–609, 2017). Historically, the body and the mind were comprehended as separate entities. The body was considered to function as a machine, responsible for providing sensory information to the mind and executing its commands. The mind, however, would process information in an isolated way, similar to a computer (Pecher D, Zwaan RA, Grounding cognition: the role of perception and action in memory, language, and thinking. Cambridge University Press, 2005). This mind and body perspective (Marmeleira J, Duarte Santos G, Percept Motor Skills 126, 2019; Marshall PJ, Child Dev Perspect 10(4):245–250, 2016), for many years, was the basis for studies in social and cognitive areas, in neuroscience, and clinical psychology