183 research outputs found

    (b2023 to 2014) The UNBELIEVABLE similarities between the ideas of some people (2006-2016) and my ideas (2002-2008) in physics (quantum mechanics, cosmology), cognitive neuroscience, philosophy of mind, and philosophy (this manuscript would require a REVOLUTION in international academy environment!)

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    (b2023 to 2014) The UNBELIEVABLE similarities between the ideas of some people (2006-2016) and my ideas (2002-2008) in physics (quantum mechanics, cosmology), cognitive neuroscience, philosophy of mind, and philosophy (this manuscript would require a REVOLUTION in international academy environment!

    Atmosphere(s) for Architects: Between Phenomenology and Cognition

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    Interfaces 5 was born to home the dialogue that the neuroscientist Michael A. Arbib and the philosopher Tonino Griffero started at the end of 2021 about atmospheric experiences, striving to bridge the gap between cognitive science’s perspective and the (neo)phenomenological one. This conversation progressed due to Pato Paez’s offer to participate in the webinar “Architectural Atmospheres: Phenomenology, Cognition, and Feeling,” a roundtable hosted by The Commission Project (TCP) within the Applied Neuroaesthetics initiative. The event ran online on May 20, 2022. Bob Condia moderated the panel discussion between Suchi Reddy, Michael A. Arbib, and Tonino Griffero. The RESONANCES project was responsible for developing the editing and publishing process. This volume collects nine essays: the main chapter is “A Dialogue on Affordances, Atmospheres, and Architecture” by Michael A. Arbib and Tonino Griffero; there are four commentaries to this text by Federico De Matteis, Robert Lamb Hart, Mark Alan Hewitt, and Suchi Reddy; Michael A. Arbib and Tonino Griffero have independently responded to the commentaries, emphasizing the opportunities and challenges of their respective approaches: cog/neuroscience and atmospherology applied to architecture; Elisabetta Canepa offers “An Essential Vocabulary of Atmospheric Architecture,” developing an atmospherological critique of the Marianna Kistler Beach Museum of Art on the Kansas State University campus to evaluate the accuracy, coherence, and adaptability of her lexicon. Bob Condia and Mikaela Wynne provide an introduction entitled “On Becoming an Atmospherologist: A Praxis of Atmospheres.”https://newprairiepress.org/ebooks/1051/thumbnail.jp

    LIPIcs, Volume 261, ICALP 2023, Complete Volume

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    LIPIcs, Volume 261, ICALP 2023, Complete Volum

    From Brave New World to Ready Player One; yesterday's dystopias as tomorrow's utopias

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    The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the evolution of literary utopias and dystopias in light of what I consider to be the new master narrative of post-humanism. The inspiration for this project has been Yuval Noah Harari’s Homo Deus (2017), which details some of the challenges and opportunities we might face in the future. This thesis will therefore explore the themes of his work and try to assess how this technological and ideological development changes our perception of an ideal society. I start this project by clarifying utopia and dystopia, before delving into a history of post-humanist ideology up to the present moment. This thesis then attempts a reading of Brave New World (1932) by Aldous Huxley and Ready Player One (2011) by Ernest Cline. This reading of these two works will be a twofold attempt, where a comparison of traditional liberal humanist readings will be compared to post-humanist understandings. What this hopefully highlights is how post-humanism changes the definitions of what constitutes utopias and dystopias. Finally, I want to compare the two works and hopefully glean new insights about how post-humanism redefines ideal visions and ideal societies and avoiding the dangers of both utopias and dystopias in the post-human age

    KI-Realitäten: Modelle, Praktiken und Topologien maschinellen Lernens

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    Maschinelles Lernen stellt zunehmend einen wichtigen Faktor soziotechnischen Wandels dar. Zugleich ist es selbst Produkt der Realitäten, an deren Reproduktion es in Form praktischer Anwendungen wie auch als Spekulationsobjekt beteiligt ist. Die Beiträge des Bandes verhandeln gegenwärtige Manifestationen maschinellen Lernens als Phänomene, die für epistemische Verunsicherungen sorgen und die Bedingungen von Sozialität rekonfigurieren. Sie begegnen dieser Herausforderung, indem sie konkrete Verfahren in ihrer gesellschaftlichen Einbettung analysieren sowie bestehende theoretische Charakterisierungen sogenannter Künstlicher Intelligenz kritisch reflektieren

    Atmosphere(s) for Architects: Between Phenomenology and Cognition

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    Interfaces 5 was born to home the dialogue that the neuroscientist Michael A. Arbib and the philosopher Tonino Griffero started at the end of 2021 about atmospheric experiences, striving to bridge the gap between cognitive science’s perspective and the (neo)phenomenological one. This conversation progressed due to Pato Paez’s offer to participate in the webinar “Architectural Atmospheres: Phenomenology, Cognition, and Feeling,” a roundtable hosted by The Commission Project (TCP) within the Applied Neuroaesthetics initiative. The event ran online on May 20, 2022. Bob Condia moderated the panel discussion between Suchi Reddy, Michael A. Arbib, and Tonino Griffero. This volume collects nine essays: the target chapter is “A Dialogue on Affordances, Atmospheres, and Architecture” by Michael A. Arbib and Tonino Griffero; there are four commentaries to this text by Federico De Matteis, Robert Lamb Hart, Mark Alan Hewitt, and Suchi Reddy; Michael A. Arbib and Tonino Griffero have independently responded to the commentaries, emphasizing the opportunities and challenges of their respective approaches: cog/neuroscience and atmospherology applied to architecture; Elisabetta Canepa offers “An Essential Vocabulary of Atmospheric Architecture,” developing an atmospherological critique of the Marianna Kistler Beach Museum of Art on the Kansas State University campus in Manhattan to evaluate the accuracy, coherence, and adaptability of her lexicon. Bob Condia and Mikaela Wynne provide an introduction entitled “On Becoming an Atmospherologist: A Praxis of Atmospheres.

    Towards an authentic argumentation literacy test

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    A central goal of education is to improve argumentation literacy. How do we know how well this goal is achieved? Can we measure argumentation literacy? The present study is a preliminary step towards measuring the efficacy of education with regards to argumentation literacy. Tests currently in use to determine critical thinking skills are often similar to IQ-tests in that they predominantly measure logical and mathematical abilities. Thus, they may not measure the various other skills required in understanding authentic argumentation. To identify the elements of argumentation literacy, this exploratory study begins by surveying introductory textbooks within argumentation theory, critical thinking, and rhetoric. Eight main abilities have been identified. Then, the study outlines an Argumentation Literacy Test that would comprise these abilities suggested by the literature. Finally, the study presents results from a pilot of a version of such a test and discusses needs for further development

    The Philosophy of The Varieties of Goodness (1963) : Essays on G. H. von Wright's Theory of Value and Moral Philosophy

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    This doctoral dissertation is a study of G. H. von Wright’s (1916–2003) philosophical treatise The Varieties of Goodness (1963), which has been unduly neglected in later developments of philosophical ethics and theory of value. The first, value-theoretical half of The Varieties of Goodness is a study of the conceptual varieties of goodness, or of the different ways of employing the word “good” in language. Von Wright distinguishes six basic varieties: instrumental, technical, utilitarian, medical and hedonic goodness, and the good of some being. The second half of the book contains von Wright’s (normative) moral philosophy, which consists of a series of explications of concepts familiar from traditional philosophical ethics, such as moral goodness, virtue, moral duty and justice. The dissertation has three objectives: (i) to revisit and discuss von Wright’s basic value-theoretical ideas and proposals, (ii) to give an account of von Wright’s moral philosophy, and (iii) to relate his views to select other currents of the mid 20th century ethics. The scholarly approach is a combination of historical contextualization and (philosophical) critical reconstruction. The research utilizes unpublished archival materials and correspondence. Introduction examines von Wrights basic philosophical proposals and sums up critically the main lines of his moral philosophy. This is done, first, by identifying and discussing a number of axiological and moral-philosophical Grundgedanken (basic ideas) and their repercussions, and second, by giving an overview of von Wright’s explicative accounts of moral notions. I suggest that von Wright’s normative moral philosophy is an early example of a welfarist position in ethics. I also argue that some of his basic ideas still provide illuminating perspectives to philosophical disputes. On the critical side, I point out that some of these ideas are open to different interpretations and that some of von Wright’s methodological presuppositions are problematic. In the Articles, The Varieties of Goodness is approached from various angles. Article I discusses von Wright’s conception of philosophy and the analytical method that is used in charting the varieties of goodness. Article II focuses on one of the key ideas of von Wright’s moral-philosophical endeavour: the idea that moral goodness is a non-autonomous form of goodness in search of a meaning. Article III discusses the notion of the good of man (human welfare), which is a pivotal notion in von Wright’s explication of moral value. Articles IV and V are devoted to the relation between The Varieties of Goodness and Ludwig Wittgenstein’s (1889–1951) philosophical heritage. Article IV traces the development of von Wright’s work in the 1950s and shows how his philosophical approach is variously indebted to Wittgenstein’s late work. Article V contains a thorough criticism of James Klagge’s recent interpretation of von Wright’s and Wittgenstein’s views on the varieties of goodness.Tämä väitöskirja on ensimmäinen laajamittainen tutkimus suomalaisfilosofi Georg Henrik von Wrightin (1916–2003) vuonna 1963 julkaistusta teoksesta The Varieties of Goodness (suom. Hyvän muunnelmat, 2001) ja sen filosofisista perusajatuksista. Väitöskirja koostuu viidestä artikkelista ja johdannosta. G. H. von Wright on yksi kansainvälisesti maineikkaimmista suomalaisista tiedemiehistä. Hyvän muunnelmat on puolestaan von Wrightin arvo- ja moraalifilosofinen pääteos. Teoksen filosofisen lähestymistavan ytimessä on idea hyvyyden käsitteellisestä monimuotoisuudesta, joka ilmenee sanan ”hyvä” erilaisina käyttötapoina kielessä. Kirjan arvoteoriaan keskittynyt alkupuoli käsittelee seikkaperäisesti hyvyyden kuutta perusmuotoa: välineellistä, teknistä, utilitaarista, terveydellistä ja hedonista hyvyyttä sekä jonkin olennon hyvää. Teoksen jälkipuoli taas sisältää luonnoksen normatiivisen etiikan teoriasta, jossa ihmisen hyvän eli hyvinvoinnin käsite nostetaan tekojemme ja tarkoitusperiemme moraalisen hyvyyden keskeiseksi mittariksi. Myös von Wrightin eksplikaatiot sellaisista perinteisistä etiikan käsitteistä kuten hyve, normi, velvollisuus ja oikeudenmukaisuus suhteuttavat nämä käsitteet hyvinvointia koskeviin pohdintoihin. Vaikka Hyvän muunnelmat oli von Wrightin filosofisten teosten joukossa hänen henkilökohtainen suosikkinsa, on kirja jäänyt myöhemmissä keskusteluissa suhteellisen vähäiselle huomiolle. Sitä koskeva sekundaarikirjallisuus on edelleen vähäistä, eikä siitä ole aiemmin ollut olemassa hyvin perusteltua standarditulkintaa. Tämä väitöskirjan tavoite on ollut muodostaa Hyvän muunnelmista filosofisesti ja historiallisesti perusteltu yleistulkinta, joka kattaa (i) von Wrightin teoksen metodologiset ja arvofilosofiset perusideat sekä (ii) hänen normatiivisen moraalifilosofiansa yleislinjat ja (iii) asettaa von Wrightin työn historialliseen kontekstiinsa. Tutkimusmenetelmiltään väitöskirja yhdistää historiallista kontekstualisaatiota ja filosofisten perusajatusten kriittistä rekonstruointia. Tutkimuksessa käytetään julkaisemattomia ja aiemmin hyödyntämättömiä arkistomateriaaleja ja tieteellistä kirjeenvaihtoa, jota säilytetään pääosin Helsingin yliopiston Von Wright – Wittgenstein -arkistossa ja Kansalliskirjastossa. Väitöskirjan johdanto sisältää yleiskatsauksen Hyvän muunnelmien filosofisiin perusideoihin. Johdannossa (a) identifioidaan ja tarkastellaan kriittisesti von Wrightin arvoteoreettisia perusideoita ja niiden filosofisia seurauksia, (b) käydään läpi hänen moraalifilosofisia perusideoitaan ja kartoitetaan niiden keskinäisiä riippuvaisuussuhteita ja (c) esitellään esimerkkien kautta von Wrightin varsinaista moraalifilosofiaa. Johdannossa osoitetaan, että von Wrightin teoksen alkupuoli sisältää joukon omaperäisiä menetelmällisiä ja sisällöllisiä ideoita, joita ei kuitenkaan aina ole kehitelty loppuun saakka. Eräät ideoista voidaan tulkita monella eri tavalla, ja niiden pohjalta voidaan kehittää useita erilaisia lähestymistapoja moraalifilosofiaan. Von Wrightin normatiivisen etiikan teoriaa voidaan puolestaan pitää varhaisena esimerkkinä welfarismista eli filosofisesta kannasta, jonka mukaan hyvinvointi on moraalisen arvon keskeinen mittari. Artikkelit lähestyvät Hyvän muunnelmia ja sen perusajatuksia eri näkökulmista. Artikkeli I käsittelee von Wrightin käsiteanalyyttistä menetelmää ja suhteuttaa teoksen ehdotuksia 1900-luvun puolivälin moraalifilosofisiin keskusteluihin. Artikkeli II tarkastelee von Wrightin moraalifilosofian keskeistä ideaa, jonka mukaan moraalinen hyvä ei ole itsenäinen hyvyyden muoto, vaan merkitystään etsivä käsite, joka määräytyy suhteessa hyvän käsitteellisiin perusmuotoihin. Artikkeli III keskittyy ihmisen hyvän (engl. ”The Good of Man”) käsitteeseen, joka on von Wrightin varsinaisen (normatiivisen) moraalifilosofian keskeinen käsite. Artikkelit IV ja V puolestaan kartoittavat von Wrightin arvofilosofian suhdetta oppi-isänsä Ludwig Wittgensteinin (1889–1951) filosofiseen perintöön ja esittävät, että Hyvän muunnelmia voidaan pitää omaperäisenä varianttina myöhäiswittgensteinilaisesta lähestymistavasta moraalifilosofiaan. Näkökulmaltaan historiallis-genealoginen artikkeli IV seuraa von Wrightin etiikan kehitystä 1950-luvulla ja osoittaa, että von Wright ammensi Wittgensteinin myöhäisfilosofiasta menetelmällisiä ja sisällöllisiä piirteitä omaan arvofilosofiaansa. Artikkeli V on puolestaan kriittinen vastine James Klaggen tulkinnalle (2018) von Wrightin ja Wittgensteinin käsityksistä hyvän muunnelmista ja perheyhtäläisyydestä

    Processes and diagrams: an integrated and multidisciplinary approach for the education of quantum information science

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    The background to this thesis is the παιδέια , the education. To educate is a dialecti- cal process that moves from an abstract line of thought, through scientifically designed techniques, into concrete action; and vice versa. We believe that educating today means enabling teachers first and their students second, to be able to read and interpret the complexity of phenomena, to teach them a model for observing this complexity, describing it, analyzing it and, finally, making it their own. In this thesis, we attempt to make sense of these needs by describing an integrated and multidisciplinary pathway, whose diagram- matic language pushes towards the search for a universal approach to science. An initial educational contribution is thus made to the understanding of the dialectic between disciplines: theoretical physics, experimental physics, computer science, mathe- matics and mathematical logic are presented in their mutual influence, in an attempt to clarify the informational viewpoint on modern physics. The search for this dialectic for educational purposes is, in our opinion, the most significant contribution of the present work. To address this issue, we sought to build a community of practice on the topics of the second quantum revolution. Guided by the Model of Educational Reconstruction (MER), we built a first course for teacher professional development that would enable teachers to be introduced to quantum computation and quantum communication. The emergence and development of quantum technologies provides the impetus for a deep conceptual change: “a paradigm shift from quantum theory as a theory of microscopic matter to quantum theory as a framework for technological applications and information processing”. This shift is supported, theoretically, by the informational interpretation of the postulates of quantum mechanics: preparation, transformation and measurement are reinterpreted com- putationally as the encoding, processing and decoding of information; and vice versa. In this interpretation, what changes between classical and quantum theory? From a logical point of view, the transition from bit to qubit, from a physical point of view, the laws of composition of systems. We therefore present monoidal categories as a natural theoretical framework for the description of physical systems and processes for quantum and non- quantum computation and communication, demonstrating how this language is suitable for an integrated and multidisciplinary approach. The cultural impact of the proposal, the fruitful interaction between researchers in physics education and those in the area of theoretical research, and the passion of some teachers made it possible to start a collaboration to build an educational sequence for students. The result of this collaboration is a teaching leaning sequence on quantum technologies for students, led by the MER and based on inquiry-based learning and the modelling- based teaching. Supported by these methodological frameworks, we produced lessons and worksheets all along the way that had the dual task of supporting teachers’ work and students’ learning. They also made it possible to experimentally verify the positive and critical effects of the proposal. The instructional materials constructed, the data analysis and the constant monitoring with the teachers involved, determined the development of a second course for teacher professional development, inspired by the first, based entirely on research. We hope that this attempt at integrated and multidisciplinary approach for the education of quantum information science, based on the concept of compositionality and the diagrammatic model, can be increased and provide inspiration for future educational paths in other disciplines as well
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