9 research outputs found
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Guidelines for the verification and validation of expert system software and conventional software: Bibliography. Volume 8
This volume contains all of the technical references found in Volumes 1-7 concerning the development of guidelines for the verification and validation of expert systems, knowledge-based systems, other AI systems, object-oriented systems, and conventional systems
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The relationship of instructional delivery methods and individual differences to the training of operators of computer systems
The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine if individual
differences in the learner characteristics of field dependence, state
and trait anxiety, age, sex, and prior computer experience were related
to performance in operating a computer system; (2) to determine if
differences in performance would occur as a result of two different
instructional delivery methods, manual-based training (MBT) and
instructor-based training (IBT); and (3) to determine if differences in
performance between instructional delivery methods could be partially
explained by differences in the learner characteristics examined.
An experimental research design was used involving two groups of
subjects. The control group was trained to operate a computer software
system using MBT, the experimental group was trained to operate the
same system using IBT. Subjects were administered two standardized
instruments, the Group-Embedded Figures Test and the State-Trait
Anxiety Inventory. A demographic questionnaire was used to identify
age, sex, and prior computer experience. Participants in the study
were 72 undergraduate students enrolled in one or more courses in
Hotel, Restaurant and Tourism Management at Oregon State University in
April of 1987.
Chi-square, t-tests, analysis of variance, regression analysis,
and Pearson product-moment correlations were used to test the
hypotheses of this study. The following findings were considered
significant at the .05 level of confidence:
1. There was a negative correlation between execution time in
performing tasks on the computer and level of field
dependence. Subjects who were more field independent
(higher GEFT score) took less time to perform a series of
tasks following training.
2. There was a difference in training time between MBT and IBT.
Subjects trained using IBT took significantly longer to
train than did subjects using MBT.
3. There was a difference in execution time between MBT and
IBT. Subjects trained using MBT took significantly longer
to complete the representative tasks than did subjects using
IBT.
4. There was a negative correlation between field dependence
and execution time for MBT, but not for IBT.
Based on the results of this study there appears to be evidence
that individual differences and training delivery methods effect
performance in operating a computer software system. Further research
is recommended to better define the relationship of these variables to
performance
The use of evaluation in the design and development of interactive medical record systems
An explorative study was done to develop an evaluation methodology. This method can be applied during the development of interactive medical record systems in order to provide information which can be used to improve user interaction with the system. Th e evaluation methodology consists of a number of interactive sessions with potential users of the interactive medical record system. During the first two sessions the subjects are trained to use the system. During the third and last session the subjects are videotaped while they are doing a set of benchmark tasks on the system under evaluation. The video recordings are analysed to obtain performance data. This performance data consists of task timings and a list of problems experienced (errors made) by the subjects. The systems evaluated during the study were a problem-oriented manual medical record and an interactive computerized medical record. The computerized record system was specifically developed for this study. The design and subsequent improvements to this system are documented in the study
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Guidelines for the verification and validation of expert system software and conventional software: Survey and assessment of conventional software verification and validation methods. Volume 2
By means of a literature survey, a comprehensive set of methods was identified for the verification and validation of conventional software. The 153 methods so identified were classified according to their appropriateness for various phases of a developmental life-cycle -- requirements, design, and implementation; the last category was subdivided into two, static testing and dynamic testing methods. The methods were then characterized in terms of eight rating factors, four concerning ease-of-use of the methods and four concerning the methods` power to detect defects. Based on these factors, two measurements were developed to permit quantitative comparisons among methods, a Cost-Benefit metric and an Effectiveness Metric. The Effectiveness Metric was further refined to provide three different estimates for each method, depending on three classes of needed stringency of V&V (determined by ratings of a system`s complexity and required-integrity). Methods were then rank-ordered for each of the three classes by terms of their overall cost-benefits and effectiveness. The applicability was then assessed of each for the identified components of knowledge-based and expert systems, as well as the system as a whole