2 research outputs found
Guest Editorial - Special Section on In-vehicle Embedded Systems
International audienceThis Special Section on “In-Vehicle Embedded Systems” presents four papers that deal with relevant aspects pertaining to the topics highlighted above, covering a spectrum of topics, ranging from schedulability and real-time Quality of Service analysis, thanks to deterministic as well to stochastic approaches, to the composability issues when components provided by different partners are to be integrated or when the designer wants to obtain preliminary results on end-to-end response time during earlier phases of the design process
Tolerisanje grešaka i energetska efikasnost kod sistema za rad u realnom vremenu sa vremenskom redundansom
The concept of real-time systems (RTSs) is presented in the computer science for
decades. During that period, the RTSs have evolved from special purpose microcomputer
systems for industrial application to various forms of embedded system that are deeply
ingrained in wide segments of daily life. The new application domains pose new design
requirements and goals to RTSs, which are now often required to provide both fault tolerance
and energy efficiency in addition to their main objective to compute and deliver correct
results within a specified period of time. There is a fundamental tradeoff between these two
additional requirements because fault tolerance techniques use slack time to improve
reliability while low energy consumption techniques exploits slack time to increase energy
efficiency. The central problem considered in the dissertation is how to optimally distribute
the slack time between these techniques.
Dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) is known as one of the most effective low-energy
technique for RTSs. However, most existing DVS techniques only focus on minimizing
energy consumption without taking the fault-tolerant capability of RTSs into account. In
order to solve specify problem in this dissertation, a new heuristic-based fault-tolerant
dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (FT-DVFS) algorithm is developed. The goal of the
proposed algorithm is to minimize the amount of energy consumed by a real-time system
under fault tolerance constraints while guaranteeing that all real-time tasks can complete
successfully before their deadlines. Basically, the FT-DVFS is a DVS algorithm with
integrated response time analysis (RTA) to check both the schedulability and the fault
tolerant constraints of real-time task sets. The performances of FT-DVFS algorithm are
evaluated by simulation in a custom build simulator. The simulation results are analyzed from
three different points of view: the schedulability, the energy consumption, and the fault
tolerance. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm saves a significant amount
of energy even with only two frequency/voltage levels, and the savings further increases with
the increase of the number of frequency levels. Also, the simulations show that the reduction
in power consumption, which can be achieved with FT-DVFS algorithm decreases with the
increase of the processor utilization factor (i.e. processor spare time). The simulation results
from the fault tolerant point of view show that the higher level of fault tolerance can only be
attained through sacrificing a part of savings in power consumption, and vice versa. The
proposed heuristic FT-DVFS algorithm is compared with the optimal DVS algorithm. The
simulation analysis show that FT-DVFS algorithm achieves near-optimal solutions in very
short computation time even for large task sets