1,250 research outputs found
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CleanTX Analysis on the Smart Grid
The utility industry in the United States has an opportunity to revolutionize its electric grid system by utilizing emerging software, hardware and wireless technologies and renewable energy sources. As electricity generation in the U.S. increases by over 30% from today’s generation of 4,100 Terawatt hours per year to a production of 5,400 Terawatt hours per year by 2030, a new type of grid is necessary to ensure reliable and quality power. The projected U.S. population increase and economic growth will require a grid that can transmit and distribute significantly more power than it does today. Known as a Smart Grid, this system enables two- way transmission of electrons and information to create a demand-response system that will optimize electricity delivery to consumers. This paper outlines the issues with the current grid infrastructure, discusses the economic advantages of the Smart Grid for both consumers and utilities, and examines the emerging technologies that will enable cleaner, more efficient and cost- effective power transmission and consumption.IC2 Institut
Internet of Things-aided Smart Grid: Technologies, Architectures, Applications, Prototypes, and Future Research Directions
Traditional power grids are being transformed into Smart Grids (SGs) to
address the issues in existing power system due to uni-directional information
flow, energy wastage, growing energy demand, reliability and security. SGs
offer bi-directional energy flow between service providers and consumers,
involving power generation, transmission, distribution and utilization systems.
SGs employ various devices for the monitoring, analysis and control of the
grid, deployed at power plants, distribution centers and in consumers' premises
in a very large number. Hence, an SG requires connectivity, automation and the
tracking of such devices. This is achieved with the help of Internet of Things
(IoT). IoT helps SG systems to support various network functions throughout the
generation, transmission, distribution and consumption of energy by
incorporating IoT devices (such as sensors, actuators and smart meters), as
well as by providing the connectivity, automation and tracking for such
devices. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey on IoT-aided SG
systems, which includes the existing architectures, applications and prototypes
of IoT-aided SG systems. This survey also highlights the open issues,
challenges and future research directions for IoT-aided SG systems
Smart Grid Communications: Overview of Research Challenges, Solutions, and Standardization Activities
Optimization of energy consumption in future intelligent energy networks (or
Smart Grids) will be based on grid-integrated near-real-time communications
between various grid elements in generation, transmission, distribution and
loads. This paper discusses some of the challenges and opportunities of
communications research in the areas of smart grid and smart metering. In
particular, we focus on some of the key communications challenges for realizing
interoperable and future-proof smart grid/metering networks, smart grid
security and privacy, and how some of the existing networking technologies can
be applied to energy management. Finally, we also discuss the coordinated
standardization efforts in Europe to harmonize communications standards and
protocols.Comment: To be published in IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorial
Software Defined Networks based Smart Grid Communication: A Comprehensive Survey
The current power grid is no longer a feasible solution due to
ever-increasing user demand of electricity, old infrastructure, and reliability
issues and thus require transformation to a better grid a.k.a., smart grid
(SG). The key features that distinguish SG from the conventional electrical
power grid are its capability to perform two-way communication, demand side
management, and real time pricing. Despite all these advantages that SG will
bring, there are certain issues which are specific to SG communication system.
For instance, network management of current SG systems is complex, time
consuming, and done manually. Moreover, SG communication (SGC) system is built
on different vendor specific devices and protocols. Therefore, the current SG
systems are not protocol independent, thus leading to interoperability issue.
Software defined network (SDN) has been proposed to monitor and manage the
communication networks globally. This article serves as a comprehensive survey
on SDN-based SGC. In this article, we first discuss taxonomy of advantages of
SDNbased SGC.We then discuss SDN-based SGC architectures, along with case
studies. Our article provides an in-depth discussion on routing schemes for
SDN-based SGC. We also provide detailed survey of security and privacy schemes
applied to SDN-based SGC. We furthermore present challenges, open issues, and
future research directions related to SDN-based SGC.Comment: Accepte
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Privacy In The Smart Grid: An Information Flow Analysis
Project Final Report prepared for CIEE and California Energy Commissio
Gelişmiş Ölçüm Altyapısı İçin Güvenlik Uygulamaları
Elektrik tüketimi ölçüm araçları, manuel olarak ölçüm
yapılan analog sayaçlardan, elektrik tüketimi ile ilgili
bilgileri toplayan ve elektrik dağıtım firmalarına ileten yeni
akıllı sayaçlara doğru evrilmektedir. Sayaç verisinin
okunmasını sağlayan tek yönlü otomatik sayaç okuma
sistemlerinin (AMR) çıkışıyla sayaçlar akıllı şebeke
yatırımlarının önemli bir kısmını oluşturmuştur. Otomatik
sayaç okuma sistemleri ilk uygulamalar için cazip olmasına
rağmen, çözülmesi gereken önemli bir husus olan talep tarafı
yönetiminin AMR ile sağlanamadığı fark edilmiştir.
AMR teknolojisinin kabiliyetlerinin tek yönlü sayaç verisi
okuma ile sınırlı olması nedeniyle, sayaçlardan toplanan
veriler üzerinden düzeltici önlemler alınmasına ve tüketicinin
enerjiyi daha verimli akıllı kullanmasına yönelik özeliklere
izin vermemektedir. Gelişmiş Ölçüm Altyapısı (AMI) ise akıllı
sayaçlar ve dağıtım şirketleri arasında çift yönlü iletişim
kurarak dağıtım şirketlerine sayaçlar üzerindeki
parametreleri dinamik olarak değiştirme imkanı tanır. Bu
nedenle, bu çalışmada AMI güvenliği üzerine
odaklanılacaktır.
Akıllı sayaç sistemlerinin yaygınlaşması ile birlikte, güvenlik
bu sistemlerin gerekli ve kaçınılmaz bir ihtiyacı haline
gelmektedir. Diğer taraftan, AMI sadece akıllı sayaçların
fiziksel olarak dağıtımı manasına gelmemekte, ayrıca sayaç
verilerinin yönetimi için gerekli olan karmaşık bir iletişim ağı
ve bilgi teknolojileri altyapısını da içermektedir. Dolayısıyla
güvenlik çözümlerini ele alırken geniş bir perspektifle
yaklaşmak gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle de, sistemin kritik
varlıkları belirlenmeli, tehditler iyi analiz edilmeli ve daha
sonra güvenlik gereksinimleri iyi tanımlanmış olmalıdır.
Bu çalışma AMI sisteminin temel güvenlik gereksinimleri,
tehditlere karşı sistem kısıtlarını düşünerek olası çözümleri
üzerine, şu anki güvenlik çözümlerini de resmederek, genel
bir bakış sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, AMI sisteminin
güvenlik gereksinimleri analiz edilecek, kısıtlar belirlenecek
ve olası güvenlik tehditlerine karşı olası karşı önlemler
belirlenecektir.
Metering utilities have been replacing from analog meters
that are read manually with new, smart meters that gather
information about electricity consumption and transmit it
back to electric companies. The metering has been the
important part of the Smart Grid investments so far, with the
initial introduction of one-way automated meter reading
(AMR) systems to read meter data. Even though AMR
technology proved to be initially enticing, utility companies
have realized that AMR does not address demand-side
management which is the major issue they need to solve.
Since AMR’s capability is restricted to reading meter data
due to its one-way communication system, it does not let
utilities take corrective action based on the information
gathered from the meters and does not assist customers in
using energy intelligently. Advanced Metering Infrastructure
(AMI) creates a two-way communication network between
smart meters and utility systems and provides utilities the
ability to modify service-level parameters dynamically.
Therefore in this work we will also focus on AMI security
practices.
While smart metering systems are become widespread
security is going to be the one of its essential and inevitable
needs. On the other hand, AMI does not only mean the
physical deployment of smart meters, but it also includes
meter data management system which is a complicated
communication network and IT infrastructure. Hence a broad
perspective has to be adopted when security solutions are
considered. Therefore, assets of the system must be identified,
threats must be well analyzed and then security requirements
must be well defined.
This paper presents an overview on the main security
requirements of the AMI, on the threats possible solutions
considering the system constraints by picturing the current
security solutions. In this work, the security requirements for
AMI systems will be analyzed, constraints will be determined
and possible countermeasures against security threats will be
given
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