Comparison of Triangle and Tetrad Discrimination Methodology in Applied, Industrial Manner

The triangle method has been widely used in the food industry for many years when conducting sensory discrimination testing. Recently, however, another discrimination testing method, the tetrad, has begun to gain popularity. Based on currently published research, the tetrad method possesses statistical advantages over the triangle and would require fewer panelists, reduce testing time, and use less sample material. More testing is needed to confirm these advantages in an applied, industrial approach on a wider range of products. Over thirty triangles and thirty tetrads with untrained panelists have been completed in order to compare the two methods. Products tested ranged from canned vegetables and fresh fruits to deli meats and baked goods. Panels conducted thus far have provided contradictory results. Inconsistencies have been found within and across product categories. Significant differences were seen with the triangle method but not in the tetrad in a few cases. In one specific instance, the same products were tested alone and then again with a carrier. Panelists were able to perceive the difference between the products with both methods when the product was served alone but were unable to do so when a carrier was present with the tetrad. Effect size and test power for each test were also calculated and produced similar results. In eight of the experiments completed, the reduction in effect size for the tetrad offset the statistical power advantage, making the triangle method more beneficial for these products. Significant differences (p \u3c 0.05) were found between methods when the degree of difference was measured between samples for each test with a larger difference found using the triangle in a few cases. Participating panelists were also asked to compare the two methods in terms of difficulty on a structured scale and in an open-ended fashion. Overall, panelists perceived the two methods as very similar in terms of method difficulty with very little mean separation between experiments. Panelists noted that the product being tested affected their impression of the tests in multiple experiments

Whisking with robots from rat vibrissae to biomimetic technology for active touch

This article summarizes some of the key features of the rat vibrissal system, including the actively controlled sweeping movements of the vibrissae known as whisking, and reviews the past and ongoing research aimed at replicating some of this functionality in biomimetic robots

A New Image Quality Database for Multiple Industrial Processes

Recent years have witnessed a broader range of applications of image processing technologies in multiple industrial processes, such as smoke detection, security monitoring, and workpiece inspection. Different kinds of distortion types and levels must be introduced into an image during the processes of acquisition, compression, transmission, storage, and display, which might heavily degrade the image quality and thus strongly reduce the final display effect and clarity. To verify the reliability of existing image quality assessment methods, we establish a new industrial process image database (IPID), which contains 3000 distorted images generated by applying different levels of distortion types to each of the 50 source images. We conduct the subjective test on the aforementioned 3000 images to collect their subjective quality ratings in a well-suited laboratory environment. Finally, we perform comparison experiments on IPID database to investigate the performance of some objective image quality assessment algorithms. The experimental results show that the state-of-the-art image quality assessment methods have difficulty in predicting the quality of images that contain multiple distortion types