Exchange patterns and relations in collaborative governance.

Collaborative governance has received considerable attention in recent years. From environmental resource management to public safety, collaborative governance continues to play a vital role in regional problem solving. In spite of this increasing popularity previous attempts to model the political, economic, and demographic determinants of collaboration have in most cases produced inconsistent results, thereby undermining the ability to generalize from such findings. Additionally, our understanding of the relational patterns that emanate from collaborative agreements remains fairly rudimentary. The main objective of this research is to address some of the gaps in the literature and improve our understanding of collaborative governance by examining existing patterns of collaboration in the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Using transaction cost economics theory and the concept of network embeddedness as theoretical lenses, the study examines collaborative governance by going beyond what already exists in current literature – determinants of collaboration– to explore what has barely been addressed – patterns of collaboration. This research includes which services are the strongest candidates for collaboration, which levels of government are the best candidates for partnerships (vertical or horizontal) and what number of partners are appropriate for collaborative arrangements (bilateral or multilateral). The units of analysis for this study are ‘home rule’ cities in Kentucky with populations above 230 people. A city-by-service cross-sectional pooled data was derived from existing agreements signed between years 2000 and 2013 to test the research hypotheses. Descriptive statistics were used to measure the relation between transaction characteristics and the pattern of collaboration while binary logistic regression models were used to test the relation between network embeddedness and the pattern of collaboration. The findings of the study showed that compared to other public services, economic development services have a greater association with vertical collaboration whilst public safety services have a greater association with horizontal collaboration. Similarly, infrastructure services have a greater association with bilateral collaboration whilst public safety services have a greater association with multilateral collaboration. The study also corroborated previous findings that asset specificity and service measurability have strong influence on the likelihood of collaboration. With respect to the pattern of collaboration, the study indicated that compared to other transaction characteristics, services that have high levels of asset specificity but easily measurable have greater associations with vertical and bilateral collaborations. Similarly, services that have high levels of asset specificity and measurement difficulty have greater associations with horizontal and multilateral collaborations. With respect to network embededdness, the study established that repeated interaction in the past has the most significant influence on decisions to collaborate

Will IMP Save The World? : Reflections on the role of networks in sustainable marketing

Purpose of the paper and literature addressed – This paper is a conceptual paper that builds on Ryan et al (2008) proposition that the IMP perspective supports the creation of a Sustainable Marketing framework. The author raises concerns over the suitability of a firm-centric perspective for Sustainable Marketing and the reliability of networks to deliver environmentally beneficial innovation. The paper suggests that government intervention, in the form of regulation, taxation and incentives, and contribution from “think tanks” that own the necessary knowledge are essential to guide the learning of networks towards sustainable business practices. We suggest that a special form of network, called innovation network, needs to be involved in this process of knowledge creation. Main contribution – This paper aims to extend the theoretical discourse initiated by Ryan et al (2008). It is the author’s intention to further investigate how the IMP current of thought can be applied to Sustainable Marketing, and with what adaptation. This is thought to be an important contribution as it aims at informing changes in marketing theory and suggests directions for the design of a new theoretical framework for Sustainable Marketing.Non peer reviewe

Supply Chain Collaboration in Tourism: A Transaction Cost Economics Analysis

This paper explores inter-firm collaboration in a tourism supply chain via transaction cost economics using a single case-study method. We focus on supply chain collaboration between a hotel, and its food and beverage suppliers. The transaction costs found consist of the search cost and cost of quality checking. Search cost exists due to bounded rationality of the firm. This is influenced by asymmetric information. The cost of quality checking incurs because the firm perceives that its suppliers may behave opportunistically. It is revealed that trust could reduce transaction cost of the tourist operators

A Tale of Clean Cities: Insights for Planning Urban Sanitation from Ghana, India and the Philippines

A Tale of Clean Cities is a research project commissioned by WaterAid to Partnerships in Practice, to learn from the experience of cities in developing countries that are making good progress in planning and providing city-wide sanitation services. San Fernando in the Philippines, Visakhapatnam in India, and Kumasi in Ghana were studied

Increasing the intensity and comprehensiveness of aphasia services: identification of key factors influencing implementation across six countries

Background: Aphasia services are currently faced by increasing evidence for therapy of greater intensity and comprehensiveness. Intensive Comprehensive Aphasia Programs (ICAPs) combine these elements in an evidence-based, time-limited group program. The incorporation of new service delivery models in routine clinical practice is, however, likely to pose challenges for both the service provider and administering clinicians. This program of research aims to identify these challenges from the perspective of aphasia clinicians from six countries and will seek to trial potential solutions. Continual advancements in global communication technologies suggest that solutions will be easily shared and accessed across multiple countries. Aims: To identify the perceived and experienced barriers and facilitators to the implementation of 1) intensive aphasia services, 2) comprehensive aphasia services, and 3) ICAPs, from aphasia clinicians across six countries. Methods and procedures: A qualitative enquiry approach included data from six focus groups (n = 34 participants) in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, United States of America (USA), United Kingdom (UK), and Ireland. A thematic analysis of focus group data was informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Outcomes and results: Five prominent theoretical domains from the TDF influenced the implementation of all three aphasia service types across participating countries: environmental context and resources, beliefs about consequences, social/professional role and identity, skills, and knowledge. Four overarching themes assisted the identification and explanation of the key barriers and facilitators: 1. Collaboration, joint initiatives and partnerships, 2. Advocacy, the promotion of aphasia services and evidence-based practice, 3. Innovation, the ability to problem solve challenges, and 4. Culture, the influence of underlying values. Conclusions: The results of this study will inform the development of a theoretically informed intervention to improve health services’ adherence to aphasia best practice recommendations

Urban Sanitation Research Initiative 2017-2020: Driving Sector Change in Urban Sanitation

The Urban Sanitation Research Initiative aims to make a substantive contribution to achieving universal urban sanitation coverage in low-income contexts. This will be achieved through a) direct research-into policy impacts in focus countries, b) contribution to research capacity development in focus countries, and c) contribution to global understanding of how to achieve universal urban sanitation.The research will contribute to the evidence base available to in-country actors including national and city governments, and to major international donors and financing institutions. Research will reflect WSUP's core philosophy that at-scale improvement in urban WASH essentially requires two things: market thinking, including the development of dynamic small businesses in the WASH service delivery sector, and institutional change, including substantially increased government investment in WASH services for low-income communities