5 research outputs found
Report of the International Ozone Trends Panel 1988, volume 2
Chapters on the following topics are presented: trends in stratospheric temperature; theory and observations- model simulations of the period 1955-1985; trends in source gases; trends in stratospheric minor constituents; trends in aerosol abundances and distribution; and observations and theories related to antarctic ozone
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Synthesis and Assessment Product
This Synthesis and Assessment Product is an important revision to the conclusions of earlier reports from the U.S. National Research Council and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Previously reported discrepancies between the amount of warming near the surface and higher in the atmosphere have been used to challenge the reliability of climate models and the reality of human-induced global warming. Specifically, surface data showed substantial global-average warming, while early versions of satellite and radiosonde data showed little or no warming above the surface. This significant discrepancy no longer exists because errors in the satellite and radiosonde data have been identified and corrected. New data sets have also been developed that do not show such discrepancies.
This Synthesis and Assessment Product is an important revision to the
conclusions of earlier reports from the U.S. National Research Council and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. For recent decades, all
current atmospheric data sets now show global-average warming that is
similar to the surface warming. While these data are consistent with the
results from climate models at the global scale, discrepancies in the tropics
remain to be resolved. Nevertheless, the most recent observational and
model evidence has increased confidence in our understanding of observed
climatic changes and their causes
Glaciochemical records from the Saint Elias Mountains, Yukon, Canada
While many paleoclimate records have been recovered from the North Atlantic sector of the Arctic, there is a gap in our understanding of climactic and environmental change in the North Pacific. Glaciochemical records from the St. Elias Mountains spanning an elevation range of three to five km provide a three-dimensional view of the paleo-atmosphere in this region. Three ice cores from Eclipse Icefield provide a high-resolution record of precipitation chemistry in the remote northwestern North America mid-troposphere and allow investigation of spatial and temporal variability in glaciochemical signals. Greater spatial variability is observed for species present as coarse mode dust and sea salt particles than for accumulation mode sulfate and ammonium aerosols or gas phase nitrate. Simultaneous sampling of aerosol and snow chemistry at King Col indicates large enrichments of nitrate and chloride in snow relative to aerosol by scavenging of gas phase nitric and hydrochloric acid. Back trajectories document the transport of Asian dust and anthropogenic emissions, the May 22 eruption plume of Sheveluch, Kamchatka, and sea salt from the Gulf of Alaska to King Col during the sampling period. The Eclipse ice cores provide a record of forest fire activity in Alaska and the Yukon that responds to anthropogenic influences such as the Klondike Gold Rush and natural climate variability such as the Medieval Warm Period. The Eclipse and Mt. Logan ice cores offer a record of regionally significant volcanic eruptions, with at least one-third of the eruptions recorded from Alaskan and Kamchatkan volcanoes. Major tropical eruptions are also recorded. The three Eclipse cores record similar volcanic sulfate fluxes from the largest eruptions such as Katmai, as well as some moderate eruptions. While a bipolar volcanic signal in 1809 is generally attributed to single tropical eruption, dacitic tephra from the Eclipse ice core that is chemically distinct from andesitic 1809 tephra found in Antarctica indicates a second eruption in the Northern Hemisphere at this time. Sulfate flux calculations suggest this eruption contributed little additional sulfate to circum-Arctic ice cores, and therefore had negligible climatic significance
Atmospheric Ozone 1985. Assessment of Our Understanding of the Processes Controlling Its Present Distribution and Change, Volume 2
Observations and interpretation of oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and halogenated species are discussed