384,294 research outputs found
A Generic Conceptual Model for Risk Analysis in a Multi-agent Based Collaborative Design Environment
Organised by: Cranfield UniversityThis paper presents a generic conceptual model of risk evaluation in order to manage the risk through
related constraints and variables under a multi-agent collaborative design environment. Initially, a hierarchy
constraint network is developed to mapping constraints and variables. Then, an effective approximation
technique named Risk Assessment Matrix is adopted to evaluate risk level and rank priority after probability
quantification and consequence validation. Additionally, an Intelligent Data based Reasoning Methodology
is expanded to deal with risk mitigation by combining inductive learning methods and reasoning
consistency algorithms with feasible solution strategies. Finally, two empirical studies were conducted to
validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the conceptual model.Mori Seiki – The Machine Tool Compan
Implementation of critical success factors in construction research and development process
Construction research and development (R&D) process has a number of issues that affect its success. These issues imply that Critical Success Factors (CSFs) of construction R&D process are not properly addressed. Not knowing CSFs could lead to not implementing them and not paying proper attention for them. The study investigates CSFs of construction R&D process and their implementation/consideration during the R&D process. A comprehensive literature review was used first to develop construction R&D process. CSFs and their implementation/consideration were evaluated by a questionnaire survey. Construction R&D process was derived with four phases namely Initiation, Conceptualizing, Development and Launch and Management activities that support coordination and resourcing of R&D process. Study revealed that, as a whole there is a gap between the importance of success factors against their implementation/consideration as majority of CSFs are not properly implemented compared to the importance attached to them.
Keywords: Construction R&D process, Critical success factors, Implementation, Consideratio
Model-Based Security Testing
Security testing aims at validating software system requirements related to
security properties like confidentiality, integrity, authentication,
authorization, availability, and non-repudiation. Although security testing
techniques are available for many years, there has been little approaches that
allow for specification of test cases at a higher level of abstraction, for
enabling guidance on test identification and specification as well as for
automated test generation.
Model-based security testing (MBST) is a relatively new field and especially
dedicated to the systematic and efficient specification and documentation of
security test objectives, security test cases and test suites, as well as to
their automated or semi-automated generation. In particular, the combination of
security modelling and test generation approaches is still a challenge in
research and of high interest for industrial applications. MBST includes e.g.
security functional testing, model-based fuzzing, risk- and threat-oriented
testing, and the usage of security test patterns. This paper provides a survey
on MBST techniques and the related models as well as samples of new methods and
tools that are under development in the European ITEA2-project DIAMONDS.Comment: In Proceedings MBT 2012, arXiv:1202.582
Multiobjective strategies for New Product Development in the pharmaceutical industry
New Product Development (NPD) constitutes a challenging problem in the pharmaceutical industry, due to the characteristics of the development pipeline. Formally, the NPD problem can be stated as follows: select a set of R&D projects from a pool of candidate projects in order to satisfy several criteria (economic profitability, time to market) while coping with the uncertain nature of the projects. More precisely, the recurrent key issues are to determine the projects to develop once target molecules have been identified, their order and the level of resources to assign. In this context, the proposed approach combines discrete event stochastic simulation (Monte Carlo approach) with multiobjective genetic algorithms (NSGAII type, Non-Sorted Genetic Algorithm II) to optimize the highly combinatorial portfolio management problem. In that context, Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are particularly attractive for treating this kind of problem, due to their ability to directly lead to the so-called Pareto front and to account for the combinatorial aspect. This work is illustrated with a study case involving nine interdependent new product candidates targeting three diseases. An analysis is performed for this test bench on the different pairs of criteria both for the bi- and tricriteria optimization: large portfolios cause resource queues and delays time to launch and are eliminated by the bi- and tricriteria optimization strategy. The optimization strategy is thus interesting to detect the sequence candidates. Time is an important criterion to consider simultaneously with NPV and risk criteria. The order in which drugs are released in the pipeline is of great importance as with scheduling problems
Multiobjective strategies for New Product Development in the pharmaceutical industry
New Product Development (NPD) constitutes a challenging problem in the pharmaceutical industry, due to the characteristics of the development pipeline. Formally, the NPD problem can be stated as follows: select a set of R&D projects from a pool of candidate projects in order to satisfy several criteria (economic profitability, time to market) while coping with the uncertain nature of the projects. More precisely, the recurrent key issues are to determine the projects to develop once target molecules have been identified, their order and the level of resources to assign. In this context, the proposed approach combines discrete event stochastic simulation (Monte Carlo approach) with multiobjective genetic algorithms (NSGAII type, Non-Sorted Genetic Algorithm II) to optimize the highly combinatorial portfolio management problem. In that context, Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are particularly attractive for treating this kind of problem, due to their ability to directly lead to the so-called Pareto front and to account for the combinatorial aspect. This work is illustrated with a study case involving nine interdependent new product candidates targeting three diseases. An analysis is performed for this test bench on the different pairs of criteria both for the bi- and tricriteria optimization: large portfolios cause resource queues and delays time to launch and are eliminated by the bi- and tricriteria optimization strategy. The optimization strategy is thus interesting to detect the sequence candidates. Time is an important criterion to consider simultaneously with NPV and risk criteria. The order in which drugs are released in the pipeline is of great importance as with scheduling problems
Employee Compensation: Research and Practice
[Excerpt] An organization has the potential to remain viable only so long as its members choose to participate and engage in necessary role behaviors (March & Simon, 1958; Katz & Kahn, 1966). To elicit these contributions, an organization must provide inducements that are of value to its members. This exchange or transaction process is at the core of the employment relationship and can be viewed as a type of contract, explicit or implicit, that imposes reciprocal obligations on the parties (Barnard, 1936; Simon, 1951; Williamson, 1975; Rousseau, 1990). At the heart of that exchange are decisions by employers and employees regarding compensation
- …