Millimeter wave and UWB propagation for high throughput indoor communications

Millimeter-wave systems at 60 GHz and ultra-wideband (UWB) systems in the microwave range of 3-10 GHz have been received with great interest for their high data rate wireless communications. In design, test and optimization of future wireless systems, channel models featuring the relevant characteristics of radiowave propagation are required. Furthermore, detailed understanding of the propagation channel and its interaction with system, creates insights into possible solutions. In this work, both theoretical (ray-tracing) and statistical models of the 60 GHz and UWB channels are studied. Propagation characteristics of the 60 GHz and UWB indoor channels are also compared for providing useful information on design of radio systems. More specifically, based on real-time channel sounder measurements performed in the 60 GHz band, propagation mechanisms including person blocking effect are concluded. Ray-based models in LOS and NLOS indoor corridors are proposed. Multipath power distributions in the 60 GHz band are studied first time. Moreover, propagation interdependencies of path loss, shadowing, number of paths, Rice K-factor and cross polarization discrimination (XPD) with channel delay spread are established. In the UWB propagation channel, frequency- and bandwidth- dependencies are investigated. Multipath and clustering propagation characteristics are analyzed. A new cluster model is proposed and compared with the classical Saleh-Valenzuela model for gaining more understanding of channel general properties. Finally, the performance and capacities of the 60 GHz UWB and MIMO (multiple-in and multiple-out) systems are analyzed for providing reliable parameters for system design and useful information for standardization groups

Accurate and efficient full-wave modelling for indoor radio wave propagation

The transition towards next-generation communication technologies has increased the need for accurate knowledge about the wireless channel. Knowledge of radio wave propagation is vital to the continued development of efficient wireless communications systems capable of providing a high data throughput and reliable connection. Thus, there is an increased need for accurate propagation models that can rapidly predict and describe the propagation channel. This is extremely challenging for indoor environments given the large variety of materials encountered and very complex and widely varying geometries.Currently, empirical or ray optical models are the most common for indoor propagation. Empirical models based on measurement campaigns provide limited accuracy, are very costly and time-consuming but provide rapid predictions. Deterministic models are applied to the geometrical representation of the environment and are based on Maxwell’s equations. They can produce more accurate predictions than empirical models. Ray tracing, an approximate model, is the most popular deterministic model for indoor propagation. The current trend of research is focused on improving its accuracy. Full-wave propagation models are based on the numerical solution of Maxwell’s equations. They are able to produce accurate predictions about the wireless channel. However, they are very computationally expensive. Thus, there has been limited attempts at developing indoor propagation models based on full-wave techniques. In this work, the Volume Electric Field Integral Equation (VEFIE) is used as the basis of a full-wave indoor propagation model. The 2D and 3D formulations of the VEFIE are applied to model the propagation of radio waves indoors. An enhancement to the 2D VEFIE, called 2D to 3D models, is developed to improve its accuracy and utilise its efficiency. It is primarily used for the prediction of time domain characteristics due to its high efficiency whereas the 3D VEFIE is shown to be suitable for frequency domain predictions

Cooperative Radio Communications for Green Smart Environments

The demand for mobile connectivity is continuously increasing, and by 2020 Mobile and Wireless Communications will serve not only very dense populations of mobile phones and nomadic computers, but also the expected multiplicity of devices and sensors located in machines, vehicles, health systems and city infrastructures. Future Mobile Networks are then faced with many new scenarios and use cases, which will load the networks with different data traffic patterns, in new or shared spectrum bands, creating new specific requirements. This book addresses both the techniques to model, analyse and optimise the radio links and transmission systems in such scenarios, together with the most advanced radio access, resource management and mobile networking technologies. This text summarises the work performed by more than 500 researchers from more than 120 institutions in Europe, America and Asia, from both academia and industries, within the framework of the COST IC1004 Action on "Cooperative Radio Communications for Green and Smart Environments". The book will have appeal to graduates and researchers in the Radio Communications area, and also to engineers working in the Wireless industry. Topics discussed in this book include: • Radio waves propagation phenomena in diverse urban, indoor, vehicular and body environments• Measurements, characterization, and modelling of radio channels beyond 4G networks• Key issues in Vehicle (V2X) communication• Wireless Body Area Networks, including specific Radio Channel Models for WBANs• Energy efficiency and resource management enhancements in Radio Access Networks• Definitions and models for the virtualised and cloud RAN architectures• Advances on feasible indoor localization and tracking techniques• Recent findings and innovations in antenna systems for communications• Physical Layer Network Coding for next generation wireless systems• Methods and techniques for MIMO Over the Air (OTA) testin

Cooperative Radio Communications for Green Smart Environments

The demand for mobile connectivity is continuously increasing, and by 2020 Mobile and Wireless Communications will serve not only very dense populations of mobile phones and nomadic computers, but also the expected multiplicity of devices and sensors located in machines, vehicles, health systems and city infrastructures. Future Mobile Networks are then faced with many new scenarios and use cases, which will load the networks with different data traffic patterns, in new or shared spectrum bands, creating new specific requirements. This book addresses both the techniques to model, analyse and optimise the radio links and transmission systems in such scenarios, together with the most advanced radio access, resource management and mobile networking technologies. This text summarises the work performed by more than 500 researchers from more than 120 institutions in Europe, America and Asia, from both academia and industries, within the framework of the COST IC1004 Action on "Cooperative Radio Communications for Green and Smart Environments". The book will have appeal to graduates and researchers in the Radio Communications area, and also to engineers working in the Wireless industry. Topics discussed in this book include: • Radio waves propagation phenomena in diverse urban, indoor, vehicular and body environments• Measurements, characterization, and modelling of radio channels beyond 4G networks• Key issues in Vehicle (V2X) communication• Wireless Body Area Networks, including specific Radio Channel Models for WBANs• Energy efficiency and resource management enhancements in Radio Access Networks• Definitions and models for the virtualised and cloud RAN architectures• Advances on feasible indoor localization and tracking techniques• Recent findings and innovations in antenna systems for communications• Physical Layer Network Coding for next generation wireless systems• Methods and techniques for MIMO Over the Air (OTA) testin

Radio Channel Characterization for Future Wireless Networks and Applications

The new frontier of Above-6GHz bands is revolutionizing the field of wireless telecommunications, requiring new radio channel models to support the development of future Giga-bit-per-second systems. Recently, deterministic ray-based models as Ray Tracing are catching on worldwide thanks to their frequency-agility and reliable predictions. A modern 3D Ray Tracing developed at University of Bologna has been indeed calibrated and used to investigate the Above-6GHz radio channel properties. As starting point, an item-level electromagnetic characterization of common items and materials has been achieved successfully to obtain information about the complex permittivity, scattering diagrams and even de-polarization effects, both utilizing Vector Spectrum Analyzer (at 7-15GHz) and custom Channel Sounder (at 70GHz). Thus, a complete tuning of the Ray Tracing has been completed for Above-6GHz frequencies. Then, 70GHz indoor doubledirectional channel measurements have been performed in collaboration with TU Ilmenau, in order to attain a multidimensional analysis of propagation mechanisms in time and space, outlining the differences between Below- and Above-6GHz propagation. Furthermore, multi-antenna systems, as Multiple-Input-Multiple- Output (MIMO) and Beamforming have been taken into considerations, as strategic technologies for Above-6GHz systems, focusing on their implementation, limits and differences. Finally, complex system simulations of Space-Division-Multiple- Access (SDMA) networks in indoor scenarios have been tested, to assess the capabilities of Beamforming. In particular, efficient Beam Search and Tracking algorithms have been proposed to assess the impact of interference on Multi-User Beamforming at 70GHz and, also, novel Multi-Beam Beamforming schemes have been tested at 60GHz to investigate diversity strategies to cope with NLOS link and Human Blockage events. Moreover, the novel concept of Ray-Tracing-assisted Beamforming has been outlined, showing that ray-based models represent today the promising key tools to evaluate, design and enhance the future Above-6GHz multi-antenna systems

Wave Propagation in Materials for Modern Applications

In the recent decades, there has been a growing interest in micro- and nanotechnology. The advances in nanotechnology give rise to new applications and new types of materials with unique electromagnetic and mechanical properties. This book is devoted to the modern methods in electrodynamics and acoustics, which have been developed to describe wave propagation in these modern materials and nanodevices. The book consists of original works of leading scientists in the field of wave propagation who produced new theoretical and experimental methods in the research field and obtained new and important results. The first part of the book consists of chapters with general mathematical methods and approaches to the problem of wave propagation. A special attention is attracted to the advanced numerical methods fruitfully applied in the field of wave propagation. The second part of the book is devoted to the problems of wave propagation in newly developed metamaterials, micro- and nanostructures and porous media. In this part the interested reader will find important and fundamental results on electromagnetic wave propagation in media with negative refraction index and electromagnetic imaging in devices based on the materials. The third part of the book is devoted to the problems of wave propagation in elastic and piezoelectric media. In the fourth part, the works on the problems of wave propagation in plasma are collected. The fifth, sixth and seventh parts are devoted to the problems of wave propagation in media with chemical reactions, in nonlinear and disperse media, respectively. And finally, in the eighth part of the book some experimental methods in wave propagations are considered. It is necessary to emphasize that this book is not a textbook. It is important that the results combined in it are taken “from the desks of researchers“. Therefore, I am sure that in this book the interested and actively working readers (scientists, engineers and students) will find many interesting results and new ideas

Abstracts on Radio Direction Finding (1899 - 1995)

The files on this record represent the various databases that originally composed the CD-ROM issue of "Abstracts on Radio Direction Finding" database, which is now part of the Dudley Knox Library's Abstracts and Selected Full Text Documents on Radio Direction Finding (1899 - 1995) Collection. (See Calhoun record https://calhoun.nps.edu/handle/10945/57364 for further information on this collection and the bibliography). Due to issues of technological obsolescence preventing current and future audiences from accessing the bibliography, DKL exported and converted into the three files on this record the various databases contained in the CD-ROM. The contents of these files are: 1) RDFA_CompleteBibliography_xls.zip [RDFA_CompleteBibliography.xls: Metadata for the complete bibliography, in Excel 97-2003 Workbook format; RDFA_Glossary.xls: Glossary of terms, in Excel 97-2003 Workbookformat; RDFA_Biographies.xls: Biographies of leading figures, in Excel 97-2003 Workbook format]; 2) RDFA_CompleteBibliography_csv.zip [RDFA_CompleteBibliography.TXT: Metadata for the complete bibliography, in CSV format; RDFA_Glossary.TXT: Glossary of terms, in CSV format; RDFA_Biographies.TXT: Biographies of leading figures, in CSV format]; 3) RDFA_CompleteBibliography.pdf: A human readable display of the bibliographic data, as a means of double-checking any possible deviations due to conversion