A review and open issues of multifarious image steganography techniques in spatial domain

Nowadays, information hiding is becoming a helpful technique and fetch more attention due fast growth of using internet, it is applied for sending secret information by using different techniques. Steganography is one of major important technique in information hiding. Steganography is science of concealing the secure information within a carrier object to provide the secure communication though the internet, so that no one can recognize and detect it’s except the sender & receiver. In steganography, many various carrier formats can be used such as an image, video, protocol, audio. The digital image is most popular used as a carrier file due its frequency on internet. There are many techniques variable for image steganography, each has own strong and weak points. In this study, we conducted a review of image steganography in spatial domain to explore the term image steganography by reviewing, collecting, synthesizing and analyze the challenges of different studies which related to this area published from 2014 to 2017. The aims of this review is provides an overview of image steganography and comparison between approved studies are discussed according to the pixel selection, payload capacity and embedding algorithm to open important research issues in the future works and obtain a robust method

A Review of Image Steganography Techniques

اخفاء الصور هو أحد تقنيات تأمين البيانات كصورة غلاف. من ناحية أخرى ، نظرًا لأن الاتصالات السرية وتطوير محتويات الوسائط المتعددة ، يعكس الاختزال للتقنيات أدوارًا مهمة. تعد جودة صورة الغلاف  "stego "وقدرة صورة الغلاف جانبًا مهمًا في نظامstegnography ، ويعتمد تقييم الأداء ومقارنة التقنيات على هذه المعلمات في نظام إخفاء المعلومات. هناك تقنيات تضمين موجودة تهدف إلى حماية المعلومات ، ومعدل تضمين البت الأعلى يمثل تحديًا مهمًا في تصميم نظام إخفاء المعلومات. تسلط هذه الورقة الضوء على مراجعة الأدبيات لنهج المجال المكاني للتصنيف (الاعتماد على قيمة البكسل) لإخفاء الصور ؛ و شمل ، (1) إخفاء العلومات باستخدام طريقة  LSB ، (2) إخفاء المعلومات باستخدام طريقة PVD ، (3) إخفاء المعلومات باستخدام طريقة GLM ، (4) إخفاء المعلومات باستخدام طريقة PPM الهدف من هذه الورقة هو توفير ملخص شامل للأعمال الموجودة من حيث الهدف ، وتسليط الضوء على نقاط القوة والضعف في التقنيات الحالية.Image steganography is one in  techniques of securing data as a cover image. In the other hand, since secret communications and development of multimedia contents, stenography of the techniques  reflect important roles. In based are reflected stegnography system, the quality of stego image and the capacity of the cover image are important side of the image, evaluate performance and comparison of  techniques are depending on these parameters in steganography system. There are existing embedding techniques that aim to protect information, and a higher bit embedding rate is an important challenge in designing a steganographic system.  This paper highlights a literature review of the classification spatial domain (beads on pixel value) approach  of image steganography; include, (i) LSB steganography, (ii) PVD based steganography, (iii)GLM based steganography, (iv) PPM based steganography. The goal of this paper is to supply a comprehensive summary of  existing works in terms of ideals, and to highlight the strong and weak points of current  techniques

Data hiding techniques in steganography using fibonacci sequence and knight tour algorithm

The foremost priority in the information and communication technology era, is achieving an efficient and accurate steganography system for hiding information. The developed system of hiding the secret message must capable of not giving any clue to the adversaries about the hidden data. In this regard, enhancing the security and capacity by maintaining the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) of the steganography system is the main issue to be addressed. This study proposed an improved for embedding secret message into an image. This newly developed method is demonstrated to increase the security and capacity to resolve the existing problems. A binary text image is used to represent the secret message instead of normal text. Three stages implementations are used to select the pixel before random embedding to select block of (64 × 64) pixels, follows by the Knight Tour algorithm to select sub-block of (8 × 8) pixels, and finally by the random pixels selection. For secret embedding, Fibonacci sequence is implemented to decomposition pixel from 8 bitplane to 12 bitplane. The proposed method is distributed over the entire image to maintain high level of security against any kind of attack. Gray images from the standard dataset (USC-SIPI) including Lena, Peppers, Baboon, and Cameraman are implemented for benchmarking. The results show good PSNR value with high capacity and these findings verified the worthiness of the proposed method. High complexities of pixels distribution and replacement of bits will ensure better security and robust imperceptibility compared to the existing systems in the literature

Performance evaluation measurement of image steganography techniques with analysis of LSB based on variation image formats

Recently, Steganography is an outstanding research area which used for data protection from unauthorized access. Steganography is defined as the art and science of covert information in plain sight in various media sources such as text, images, audio, video, network channel etc. so, as to not stimulate any suspicion; while steganalysis is the science of attacking the steganographic system to reveal the secret message. This research clarifies the diverse showing the evaluation factors based on image steganographic algorithms. The effectiveness of a steganographic is rated to three main parameters, payload capacity, image quality measure and security measure. This study is focused on image steganographic which is most popular in in steganographic branches. Generally, the Least significant bit is major efficient approach utilized to embed the secret message. In addition, this paper has more detail knowledge based on Least significant bit LSB within various Images formats. All metrics are illustrated in this study with arithmetical equations while some important trends are discussed also at the end of the paper

Color image steganography in YCbCr space

Steganography is a best method for in secret communicating information during the transference of data. Images are an appropriate method that used in steganography can be used to protection the simple bits and pieces. Several systems, this one as color scale images steganography and grayscale images steganography, are used on color and store data in different techniques. These color images can have very big amounts of secret data, by using three main color modules. The different color modules, such as HSV-(hue, saturation, and value), RGB-(red, green, and blue), YCbCr-(luminance and chrominance), YUV, YIQ, etc. This paper uses unusual module to hide data: an adaptive procedure that can increase security ranks when hiding a top secret binary image in a RGB color image, which we implement the steganography in the YCbCr module space. We performed Exclusive-OR (XOR) procedures between the binary image and the RGB color image in the YCBCR module space. The converted byte stored in the 8-bit LSB is not the actual bytes; relatively, it is obtained by translation to another module space and applies the XOR procedure. This technique is practical to different groups of images. Moreover, we see that the adaptive technique ensures good results as the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and stands for mean square error (MSE) are good. When the technique is compared with our previous works and other existing techniques, it is shown to be the best in both error and message capability. This technique is easy to model and simple to use and provides perfect security with unauthorized

Bit inverting map method for improved steganography scheme

Achieving an efficient and accurate steganography scheme for hiding information is the foremost priority in the information and communication technology era. The developed scheme of hiding the secret message must capable of not giving any clue to the adversaries about the hidden data. In this regard, enhancing the security and capacity by maintaining the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) of the steganography scheme is the main issue to be addressed. This study proposes an improved Bit Inverting Map (BIM) method and a new scheme for embedding secret message into an image. This newly developed scheme is demonstrated to increase the security and capacity to resolve the existing problems. A binary text image is used to represent the secret message instead of normal text. Three stages implementations are used to select pixels before random embedding to select block of (64 64) pixels, followed by the Knight Tour algorithm to select sub-block of (8 8) pixels, and finally by the random pixels selection. The proposed BIM is distributed over the entire image to maintain high level of security against any kind of attack. One-bit indicator is used to decide if the secret bits are inserted directly or inversely, which enhanced the complexity of embedding process. Color and gray images from the standard dataset (USC-SIPI) including Lena, Peppers, Baboon, and Cameraman are implemented for benchmarking. Self-captured images are used to test the efficacy of the proposed BIM method. The results show good PSNR values of 72.9 and these findings verified the worthiness of the proposed BIM method. High complexities of pixels distribution and replacement of bits will ensure better security and robust imperceptibility compared to the existing scheme in the literature