New d-piso architecture for dynamic symbol size digital baseband modulation implementation in FPGA

Dynamic symbol size modulation is a type modulation which could provide a fast transmission speed by removing the redundant symbol as compare to fixed symbol size modulation. The dynamic nature of the symbol created an additional problem in hardware design as the size of symbol needed to be defined clearly and it cannot be change and altered once the design has been generated. Thus, to address the issue, this research investigated the best implementation method and performance study of fixed and dynamic symbol size digital baseband modulation for optical communication system in FPGA hardware design. KCU105 FPGA development board and Vivado software were chosen as the main platform to implement the design. A new architecture to implement dynamic symbol size baseband modulation in FPGA is presented in this thesis. Clock control (CC) is used as the research’s based design to create two new architectures which use multiple parallel in serial out (M-PISO) and dynamic parallel in serial out (D-PISO). Next, by using D-PISO architecture, dynamic symbol size modulation namely 8-reverse dual header pulse interval modulation (8-RDHPIM), 8-digital pulse interval modulation (8-DPIM) and fixed symbol size modulation 8-pulse position modulation (8-PPM) were fully implemented in the FPGA which has a transmitter and receiver module. An experimental comparative study was then carried out for each modulation technique. The main parameters investigated were data timing analysis, hardware utilization, power utilization as well as bit error rate performance. From the results, it can be concluded that for power limited system, 8-PPM could be selected as it can maintain a small number of symbol error rate (SER) even during low power transmission which is around -6 dBm. On the other hand, the 8-DPIM and 8-RDHPIM that achieved the transmission speed of 33.3 Mbps and 27.27 Mbps are suitable for systems that require high data speed and minimal clock synchronization

Experimental Study of ECG Signal Transmission System Via a Coaxial Cable Line Using Duty-Cycle Modulation

This paper presents the first real and well tested prototyping duty cycle modulation (DCM) signal transmission system. The experimented system is applied to the transmission of ECG signals. It consists of an ECG signal acquisition system, a duty cycle modulation transmitter, a coaxial cable transmission medium and finally a simple low-pass filter as receiver. After a brief review of the literature highlighting the interest of this experiment, we analytically developed different parts of the proposed system. The experimental workbench and main results obtained are presented. These yield very good results since in addition to the high quality of ECG signal reconstitution, we manage to eliminate the power line interference induced during transmission. These results experimentally confirm the feasibility as well as new perspectives of using the proposed systems as a simple remote biomedical instrument. Cite as: Nguefack LT, Paune F, Mbihi J. Experimental study of ECG signal transmission system via a coaxial cable line using Duty-Cycle Modulation. Alg. J. Eng. Tech. 2021; 4:1-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4488389 References Engin M, Çağlav E, Engin EZ. Real-time ECG signal transmission via telephone network. Measurement. 2005;37(2):167-171. Penmatsa PL, Reddy DVRK. Smart Detection and Transmission of Abnormalities in ECG via Bluetooth. In: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Smart Cloud (SmartCloud). 2016; 41-44. Li N, Liu Y, Zhang G, Du H, Yang Y, Jiang X, et al. Design of Portable Wireless Electrocardiogram Monitoring System. In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. IOP Publishing; 2020. Güler NF, Fidan U. Wireless Transmission of ECG signal. J Med Syst. 2006;30(3):231-235. Eşme E, Ünsaçar F. DESIGN OF REMOTE CONTROLLED HEART MONITORING SYSTEM. LIFE. International Journal of Health and Life-Sciences. 2019;5(1). He Q, Wang J, Zhao G, Chen D, Ju Y, Zhao K. The Implementation of ECG Monitoring Medical System based on Mobile Platform. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. IOP Publishing. 2019: 032-055. Jenkal W, Latif R, Toumanari A, Dliou A, El B'charri O, Maoulainine FM. An efficient algorithm of ECG signal denoising using the adaptive dual threshold filter and the discrete wavelet transform. Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering. 2016;36(3):499-508. Nneme LN, Lonla BM, Sonfack GB, Mbihi J. Review of a Multipurpose Duty-Cycle Modulation Technology in Electrical and Electronics Engineering. Journal of Electrical Engineering, Electronics, Control and Computer Science. 2018;4(2):9-18. Mbihi J, Nneme LN. A Multi-Channel Analog-To-Digital Conversion Technique Using Parallel Duty-Cycle Modulation. 2012. Béatrice SG, Jean M. FPGA-Based Analog-to-Digital Conversion via Optimal Duty-Cycle Modulation. Electrical and Electronic Engineering. 2018;8(2):29-36. Moffo BL, Mbihi J, Nneme LN, Kom M. A novel digital-to-analog conversion technique using duty-cycle modulation. 2013;7(1):8. Lonla Moffo B, Mbihi J. A Novel Digital Duty-Cycle Modulation Scheme for FPGA-Based Digital-to-Analog Conversion. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs. 2015;62(6):543-547. Lonla BM, Mbihi J, Nneme LN. FPGA-Based Multichannel Digital Duty-Cycle Modulation and Application to Simultaneous Generation of Analog Signals. STM Journal of Electronic Design Technology (JoEDT). 2017;8(1):23-35. Paulin DSY, Jean M, Djalo H, Joseph E. Virtual Digital Control Scheme for a Duty-Cycle Modulation Boost Converter. Journal of Computer Science and Control Systems. 2017;10(2):22-27. MBIHI J, NNEME NNEME L. A novel control scheme for buck power converters using duty-cycle modulation. Int j power electron (Print). 2013;5(3-4):185-99. Biyobo AO, Nneme LN, Mbihi J. A novel sine duty cycle modulation control scheme for photovoltaic single phase power inverters. WSEAS Transactions on Circuits and Systems. 2018;17:107-113. Mbihi J. Dynamic Modelling and Virtual Simulation of Digital Duty-Cycle Modulation Control Drivers. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering. 2017;11(4):6. Otam US, Moffo BL, Ngounou CERG, Mbihi J. A novel FPGA-Based Multi-Channel Signal Acquisition System Using Parallel Duty-Cycle Modulation and Application to Biologic Signals: Design and Simulation. Journal of Electrical Engineering, Electronics, Control and Computer Science. 2020;7(2):13-20. Nguefack LT, Pauné F, Kenfack GW, Mbihi J. A Novel Optical Fiber Transmission System Using Duty-Cycle Modulation and Application to ECG Signal: Analog Design and Simulation. Journal of Electrical Engineering, Electronics, Control and Computer Science. 2020;6(3):39-48. Turner J, Zellner C, Khan T, Yelamarthi K. Continuous heart rate monitoring using smartphone. IEEE International Conference on Electro Information Technology (EIT). 2017:324-326. Prasad AS, Kavanashree N. ECG Monitoring System Using AD8232 Sensor. International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems (ICCES). 2019: 976-980. Mbihi J, Ndjali B, Mbouenda M. Modelling and simulation of a class of duty-cycle modulators for industrial instrumentation. 2005. Mbihi J, Ndjali Beng F, kom martin, Nneme Nneme L. A Novel Analog-to-digital conversion Technique using nonlinear duty-cycle modulation. International Journal of Electronics and Computer Science Engineering. 2013;7. Nneme LN, Mbihi J. Modeling and Simulation of a New Duty-Cycle Modulation Scheme for Signal Transmission Systems. American Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering. 2014;2(3):82-87. Fliess M, Martin P, Petit N, Rouchon P. Commande de l'équation des télégraphistes et restauration active d'un signal. Traitement du Signal. 1998;15(6):619-625. Nneme LN, Mbihi J. Modeling and Simulation of a New Duty-Cycle Modulation Scheme for Signal Transmission Systems. American Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering. 2014;2(3):82-87. Moffo BL, Mbihi J, Nneme LN. A Low Cost and High Quality Duty-Cycle Modulation Scheme and Applications. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIRCUITS, SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING. 2014;8(3):7. Thakor NV, Webster JG, Tompkins WJ. Estimation of QRS Complex Power Spectra for Design of a QRS Filter. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. 1984;BME-31(11):702-706