Identifying Self-Disclosures of Use, Misuse and Addiction in Community-based Social Media Posts

In the last decade, the United States has lost more than 500,000 people from an overdose involving prescription and illicit opioids (https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/epidemic/index.html) making it a national public health emergency (USDHHS, 2017). To more effectively prevent unintentional opioid overdoses, medical practitioners require robust and timely tools that can effectively identify at-risk patients. Community-based social media platforms such as Reddit allow self-disclosure for users to discuss otherwise sensitive drug-related behaviors, often acting as indicators for opioid use disorder. Towards this, we present a moderate size corpus of 2500 opioid-related posts from various subreddits spanning 6 different phases of opioid use: Medical Use, Misuse, Addiction, Recovery, Relapse, Not Using. For every post, we annotate span-level extractive explanations and crucially study their role both in annotation quality and model development. We evaluate several state-of-the-art models in a supervised, few-shot, or zero-shot setting. Experimental results and error analysis show that identifying the phases of opioid use disorder is highly contextual and challenging. However, we find that using explanations during modeling leads to a significant boost in classification accuracy demonstrating their beneficial role in a high-stakes domain such as studying the opioid use disorder continuum. The dataset will be made available for research on Github in the formal version.Comment: Work in progres

Public technology: challenging the commodification of knowledge

Discusses the role of technology in commodifying teaching, that is making it a marketable commodity, and describes a number of examples of how academic staff around the world are using open technologies to make teaching and learning both accessible to a wider public, and to involve the wider public in student learning

Concepts and applications of data mining and analysis of social networks

Social media has become an important reference for information during the last few decades. They have been able to be effective in various fields such as business, entertainment, science, crisis management, politics, etc. For this reason, a social media analysis has become very important for researchers and large companies. The widespread use of social media leads to a complex problem called "accumulation of data". Many data science specialists seek to analyze this data in order to identify the behavioral characteristics of users, analyze interests and needs, and improve marketing processes. Different social media platforms have the ability to use all kinds of media, including text data, video, video, audio, and location information, etc. Therefore, data analysis in social networks is very important. In this research, the concepts and applications of data analysis in social networks will be investigated

A treatise on Web 2.0 with a case study from the financial markets

There has been much hype in vocational and academic circles surrounding the emergence of web 2.0 or social media; however, relatively little work was dedicated to substantiating the actual concept of web 2.0. Many have dismissed it as not deserving of this new title, since the term web 2.0 assumes a certain interpretation of web history, including enough progress in certain direction to trigger a succession [i.e. web 1.0 → web 2.0]. Others provided arguments in support of this development, and there has been a considerable amount of enthusiasm in the literature. Much research has been busy evaluating current use of web 2.0, and analysis of the user generated content, but an objective and thorough assessment of what web 2.0 really stands for has been to a large extent overlooked. More recently the idea of collective intelligence facilitated via web 2.0, and its potential applications have raised interest with researchers, yet a more unified approach and work in the area of collective intelligence is needed. This thesis identifies and critically evaluates a wider context for the web 2.0 environment, and what caused it to emerge; providing a rich literature review on the topic, a review of existing taxonomies, a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the concept itself, an investigation of the collective intelligence potential that emerges from application usage. Finally, a framework for harnessing collective intelligence in a more systematic manner is proposed. In addition to the presented results, novel methodologies are also introduced throughout this work. In order to provide interesting insight but also to illustrate analysis, a case study of the recent financial crisis is considered. Some interesting results relating to the crisis are revealed within user generated content data, and relevant issues are discussed where appropriate

Effects of Personality on Trading Performance in Social Trading Platforms

Social trading platforms offer opportunities for amateur investors to copy professional traders’ behavior. However, past studies on behavioral finance have largely neglected the role of personality in shaping traders’ behavior. To this end, we aim to scrutinize the effects of leader traders’ personality on their trading behaviors and subsequent performance on social trading platforms. Particularly, we employ the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality classification scheme to delineate leader traders’ personality into the four dimensions of Extraversion-Introversion (E-I), Sensing-Intuition (S-N), Thinking-Feeling (T-F), and Judging-Perceiving (J-P). Next, we draw on machine learning techniques to advance a novel text-based approach for extracting the personality dimensions of leader traders automatically. Analytical results attest to the impact of personality dimensions on trading behavior and that of trading behavior on performance. Findings from this study yield insights for both social trading platforms and followers by identifying profitable leader traders based on their personality

The Impact of E-Recruitment and Artificial Intelligence (AI) Tools on HR Effectiveness: The Case of High Schools

The HRM encompasses a broad variety of topics, including preparation, recruiting, workforce relations and organisational growth. The people in any organisation are a wealth of information and experience. Acquisition of certain workers by recruiting thus plays a major role today. The implementation method for e-recruitment practices is the reason behind the success of organisational performance. The recruiting method used to be longer and entailed a great deal of paperwork for recruiters, but it began evolving steadily as online recruitment became more widespread. In recent years, a study has been carried out on integrating these two essential facets of HRM and technology due to technical developments. Studies are typically carried out about how technologies will render the hiring phase easier and optimised. The research implemented a mixed approach methodology throughout conducting interviews and questionnaires over a defined number of respondents in High Schools. The survey had been distributed using google forms, and the interviews had been conducted through zoom meeting due to the COVID-19 Pandemic. The results proved a direct relationship between the implementation of e-recruitment in School and employee performance

Hybrid human-machine information systems for data classification

Over the last decade, we have seen an intense development of machine learning approaches for solving various tasks in diverse domains. Despite the remarkable advancements in this field, there are still task categories that machine learning models fall short of the required accuracy. This is the case with tasks that require human cognitive skills, such as sentiment analysis, emotional or contextual understanding. On the other hand, human-based computation approaches, such as crowdsourcing, are popular for solving such tasks. Crowdsourcing enables access to a vast number of groups with different expertise, and if managed properly, generates high-quality results. However, crowdsourcing as a standalone approach is not scalable due to the latency and cost it brings in. Addressing the challenges and limitations that the human and machine-based approaches have distinctly requires bridging the two fields into a hybrid intelligence, seen as a promising approach to solve critical and complex real-world tasks. This thesis focuses on hybrid human-machine information systems, combining machine and human intelligence and leveraging their complementary strengths: the data processing efficiency of machine learning and the data quality generated by crowdsourcing. In this thesis, we present hybrid human-machine models to address the challenges falling into three dimensions: accuracy, latency, and cost. Solving data classification tasks in different domains has different requirements concerning accuracy, latency, and cost criteria. Motivated by this fact, we introduce a master component that evaluates these criteria to find the suitable model as a trade-off solution. In hybrid human-machine information systems, incorporating human judgments is expected to improve the accuracy of the system. Therefore, to ensure this, we focus on the human intelligence component, integrating profile-aware crowdsourcing for task assignment and data quality control mechanisms in the hybrid pipelines. The proposed conceptual hybrid human-machine models materialize in conducted experiments. Motivated by challenging scenarios and using real-world datasets, we implement the hybrid models in three experiments. Evaluations show that the implemented hybrid human-machine architectures for data classification tasks lead to better results as compared to each of the two approaches individually, improving the overall accuracy at an acceptable cost and latency