A graph theory based energy routing algorithm in Energy Local Area Network (e-LAN)

The energy internet concept has been considered as a new development stage of the Smart Grid, which aims to increase the energy transmission efficiency and optimise the energy dispatching in time and space. Energy router is a core device in the energy internet and it connects all the devices together into a net structure and manages power flows among them. The research work presented in this paper described the energy router’s structure and function expectations from the network perspective, and improved the existing energy router design. Open-shortest-path first (OSPF) protocol and virtual circuit switching mode are referenced from the Internet in the energy local area network (e-LAN) design. This paper proposed a design of an energy routing algorithm based on graph theory in an e-LAN. A lowest-cost routing selection algorithm is designed according to the features of power transmission, and a source selection and routing design algorithm is proposed for very heavy load conditions. Both algorithms have been verified by case analyses

Integrated Planning of Multi-energy Grids: Concepts and Challenges

In order to meet ever-stricter climate targets and achieve the eventual decarbonization of the energy supply of German industrial metropolises, the focus is on gradually phasing out nuclear power, then coal and gas combined with the increased use of renewable energy sources and employing hydrogen as a clean energy carrier. While complete electrification of the energy supply of households and the transportation sector may be the ultimate goal, a transitional phase is necessary as such massive as well as rapid expansion of the electrical distribution grid is infeasible. Additionally, German industries have expressed their plans to use hydrogen as their primary strategy in meeting carbon targets. This poses challenges to the existing electrical, gas, and heating distribution grids. It becomes necessary to integrate the planning and developing procedures for these grids to maximize efficiencies and guarantee security of supply during the transition. The aim of this paper is thus to highlight those challenges and present novel concepts for the integrated planning of the three grids as one multi-energy grid.Comment: NEIS 2022; Conference on Sustainable Energy Supply and Energy Storage System

Planeación óptima de redes de distribución eléctrica aérea usando métodos heurísticos y procesos de simulación.

This article is intended a planning model for the deployment of the overhead electrical distribution systems, which allows under heuristics and optimization criteria to reduce the cost of resources associated in the construction of the network; it shows an optimal deployment of distribution transformers considering technical restriction and capacity. The model presents warm a routing on a geo-referenced scenery with information from the OpenStreetMap platform, with the purpose that the topology of the net is under real condition and design of a city; furthermore, the minimum Steiner tree is used for the overhead distribution network. Additionally, the model attaches of scalability and flexibility principles, adjusting the results to variations in different scenarios. On the other hand, with Cymdist software simulation verified the electrical parameters to involved in the design of overhead network. Results obtained present for electrification companies a reference points for future planning of the electricity distribution networks, adapting to the random changes in demand.En este artículo se plantea un modelo de planeación para despliegue de los sistemas aéreos de distribución eléctrica, el cual permita bajo criterios heurísticos y de optimización reducir los costos asociados a los recursos empleados en la construcción de la red; muestra un despliegue óptimo de transformadores de distribución considerando restricciones técnicas y de capacidad. Se advierte que el modelo presenta un enrutamiento sobre un escenario georreferenciado con información obtenida de la plataforma OpenStreetMap, con el propósito de que la topología de la red sea bajo condiciones reales y de diseño de una ciudad; por otro lado, se hace uso del árbol mínimo de Steiner para el emplazamiento de la red aérea de distribución. Adicionalmente el modelo adjunta los principios de escalabilidad y flexibilidad, ajustando los resultados a las variaciones en distintos escenarios. En una segunda instancia con el software de simulación Cymdist se verifica el comportamiento de los parámetros eléctricos implicados en el diseño de las redes aéreas. Los resultados obtenidos presentan a las empresas de electrificación puntos de referencia para las futuras planificaciones de las redes eléctricas de distribución adaptándose a los cambios aleatorios de la demanda

Optimal overhead distribution network planning based graph theory

Este trabajo presenta un modelo para optimizar los recursos utilizados en la planeación de una red de distribución aérea, la cual permite el despliegue de los transformadores considerando su cobertura y su capacidad. Muestra un modelo de enrutamiento de la red de media tensión basado en minimun Steiner tree para encontrar la mejor ruta en una zona georreferenciada. La planeación se realiza sobre un escenario georreferenciado con datos de la plataforma OpenStreetMap, con el fin de que la localización de los transformadores y la topología de la red sean reales. Los valores obtenidos muestran un punto de partida para que las empresas de distribución eléctrica establezcan planes de trabajo para la expansión y planificación de la red eléctrica de distribución, considerando la variabilidad a la que se presenta la demanda.The paper presents a model for optimizes the resources used in the overhead distribution network planning, which allows the deployment of transformers considering coverage and capacity of them. It shows a routing model of the media voltage network based of minimum Steiner tree to find the best route in a geo-referenced area. The planning has been made over a geo-referenced scenery with data from OpenStreetMap platform, with the purpose of locations the transformers and the topology of the net area real. Results imply a starting point for electricity distribution companies to establish work plans for de expansion and planning of the electricity distribution network considering the variability at the demand present

State-of-the-art analysis and perspectives for peer-to-peer energy trading

As a promising solution to address the “energy trilemma” confronting human society, peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading has emerged and rapidly developed in recent years. When carrying out P2P energy trading, customers with distributed energy resources (DERs) are able to directly trade and share energy with each other. This paper summarizes and analyzes the global development of P2P energy trading based on a comprehensive review of related academic papers, research projects, and industrial practice. Key aspects in P2P energy trading are identified and discussed, including market design, trading platforms, physical infrastructure and information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure, social science perspectives, and policy. For each key aspect, existing research and practice are critically reviewed and insights for future development are presented. Comprehensive concluding remarks are provided at the end, summarizing the major findings and perspectives of this paper. P2P energy trading is a growing field with great potential and opportunities for both academia and industry across the world

Software Defined Networks based Smart Grid Communication: A Comprehensive Survey

The current power grid is no longer a feasible solution due to ever-increasing user demand of electricity, old infrastructure, and reliability issues and thus require transformation to a better grid a.k.a., smart grid (SG). The key features that distinguish SG from the conventional electrical power grid are its capability to perform two-way communication, demand side management, and real time pricing. Despite all these advantages that SG will bring, there are certain issues which are specific to SG communication system. For instance, network management of current SG systems is complex, time consuming, and done manually. Moreover, SG communication (SGC) system is built on different vendor specific devices and protocols. Therefore, the current SG systems are not protocol independent, thus leading to interoperability issue. Software defined network (SDN) has been proposed to monitor and manage the communication networks globally. This article serves as a comprehensive survey on SDN-based SGC. In this article, we first discuss taxonomy of advantages of SDNbased SGC.We then discuss SDN-based SGC architectures, along with case studies. Our article provides an in-depth discussion on routing schemes for SDN-based SGC. We also provide detailed survey of security and privacy schemes applied to SDN-based SGC. We furthermore present challenges, open issues, and future research directions related to SDN-based SGC.Comment: Accepte