Cooperative vehicular networks for intelligent transportation systems

University of Technology Sydney. Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology.Transportation systems are fundamental for the human society as they allow people and goods to move from one location to another. With an increasing volume of population and vehicles, current transportation systems are now facing a number of disruptive challenges such as congestion, crashes, air pollution and noise throughout the world. However, traditional solutions like expanding the present transportation systems by increasing the number of roads are recognized to be expensive, disruptive and involve protracted effort. Instead, intelligent transportation systems (ITS), with the goal of building a safer, more efficient and environmentally sustainable transportation system by incorporating state-of-the-art sensing, computing and communication technologies, is expected to be a better solution. ITS are complex systems and they function in a broad range of areas through smartly sensing, analysing and disseminating different kinds of traffic information. Vehicular networks, which incorporate advanced communication technology with intelligent vehicles equipped with on-board units (OBUs) and intelligent roadside infrastructure, realise the function of large scale traffic information dissemination for ITS through vehicle to vehicle (V2V), vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) and infrastructure to infrastructure (I2I) communications. Therefore, as one of the most enabling tools to support ITS, vehicular networks play a crucial role in improving road safety, relieving traffic congestion, enhancing driving experience and reducing pollution. Considering the critical impact information exchange poses on the transportation systems, vehicular network applications require particularly fast, reliable and secure message dissemination in the network. However, depending only on V2V or V2I communications may fail to meet these requirements. On one hand, the frequently changing topology of vehicular networks caused by the highly dynamic nature of vehicles and the lossy vehicular wireless channels resulting from fading, path loss and the fast movement of vehicles, would result in unreliable and intermittent V2V communications. On the other hand, V2I communications may have limited availability, especially in rural areas and in the initial deployment phase of vehicular networks due to the high cost of implementation and maintenance of infrastructure. These make research on employing cooperative communications within vehicular networks both interesting and important. In this thesis, we focus on the design of cooperative vehicular networks for ITS to satisfy the requirement of disseminating data quickly, reliably and securely, in the conditions of sparse roadside infrastructure, high mobility, and intermittent connectivity. Firstly, we propose a cooperative communication strategy that explores the combined use of V2I communications, V2V communications, mobility of vehicles, and cooperation among vehicles and infrastructure, to facilitate data dissemination in vehicular networks. The network performance, measured by the achievable throughput when there exists only one vehicle with a download request in the network, and the achievable capacity when there exist multiple vehicles with download requests in the network respectively, are analysed. The results show that the proposed cooperative communication strategy significantly boosts the throughput (or capacity) of vehicular networks. Secondly, to protect secure message dissemination, we investigate topological approaches to keep the message dissemination in vehicular networks robust against insider attackers who may tamper with the message content. As a novel approach, we take the network topology into consideration when designing algorithms to check the integrity and consistency of messages. Overall, our work provides guidance on the optimum design of cooperative vehicular networks for ITS to achieve fast, reliable and secure message dissemination

iTETRIS: An Integrated Wireless and Traffic Platform for Real-Time Road Traffic Management Solutions

Wireless vehicular cooperative systems have been identified as an attractive solution to improve road traffic management, thereby contributing to the European goal of safer, cleaner, and more efficient and sustainable traffic solutions. V2V-V2I communication technologies can improve traffic management through real-time exchange of data among vehicles and with road infrastructure. It is also of great importance to investigate the adequate combination of V2V and V2I technologies to ensure the continuous and costefficient operation of traffic management solutions based on wireless vehicular cooperative solutions. However, to adequately design and optimize these communication protocols and analyze the potential of wireless vehicular cooperative systems to improve road traffic management, adequate testbeds and field operational tests need to be conducted. Despite the potential of Field Operational Tests to get the first insights into the benefits and problems faced in the development of wireless vehicular cooperative systems, there is yet the need to evaluate in the long term and large dimension the true potential benefits of wireless vehicular cooperative systems to improve traffic efficiency. To this aim, iTETRIS is devoted to the development of advanced tools coupling traffic and wireless communication simulators

V2X Content Distribution Based on Batched Network Coding with Distributed Scheduling

Content distribution is an application in intelligent transportation system to assist vehicles in acquiring information such as digital maps and entertainment materials. In this paper, we consider content distribution from a single roadside infrastructure unit to a group of vehicles passing by it. To combat the short connection time and the lossy channel quality, the downloaded contents need to be further shared among vehicles after the initial broadcasting phase. To this end, we propose a joint infrastructure-to-vehicle (I2V) and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication scheme based on batched sparse (BATS) coding to minimize the traffic overhead and reduce the total transmission delay. In the I2V phase, the roadside unit (RSU) encodes the original large-size file into a number of batches in a rateless manner, each containing a fixed number of coded packets, and sequentially broadcasts them during the I2V connection time. In the V2V phase, vehicles perform the network coded cooperative sharing by re-encoding the received packets. We propose a utility-based distributed algorithm to efficiently schedule the V2V cooperative transmissions, hence reducing the transmission delay. A closed-form expression for the expected rank distribution of the proposed content distribution scheme is derived, which is used to design the optimal BATS code. The performance of the proposed content distribution scheme is evaluated by extensive simulations that consider multi-lane road and realistic vehicular traffic settings, and shown to significantly outperform the existing content distribution protocols.Comment: 12 pages and 9 figure