Sistema de gestió domòtica per optimitzar el consum energètic d’un habitatge

Des de fa anys, la societat ha viscut diversos canvis tecnològics en àmbits com: l’electrònica, les telecomunicacions, la informàtica, l’arquitectura i l’automàtica. Aquesta evolució, ha portat com a resultat el concepte d’edifici intel·ligent. L’objectiu d’aquest projecte és dissenyar un sistema domòtic, mitjançant l’electrònica, que permeti reduir el consum energètic d’un habitatge convencional. Actualment, podem trobar diferents sistemes a l’hora de realitzar un habitatge domòtic, però tots ells estan basats en la combinació i connexió de tres elements bàsics; controladors, sensors i actuadors. Al llarg de la memòria es desenvolupa a nivell teòric: què és la domòtica i quines característiques poden tenir els diversos sistemes, també s’exposaran diversos conceptes sobre l’estalvi energètic. A continuació, es realitza el dimensionat d’un habitatge unifamiliar de 107 m2 i les seves instal·lacions. Aquest ens permet, posteriorment, comparar l’estudi energètic convencional amb el del mateix habitatge un cop implementat un sistema domòtic capaç d'actuar sobre els sistemes d'il·luminació, persianes, tendal, clima, connexió d'electrodomèstics, alarmes, reg i escenes de l'habitatge. D’aquesta manera, comprovar si hi ha un posterior estalvi en el consum. També es valoren possibles canvis pel que fa a les fonts d’energia, amb el mateix objectiu; augmentar l’eficiència energètica de l’habitatge. Finalment, es presenta un sistema domòtic que basa el seu funcionament en un microcontrolador Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC). I que es desenvolupa amb l’objectiu de poder controlar tots els sistemes que consumeixen energia de l’habitatge, gràcies als diversos sensors i actuadors. A més a més, es dissenya una petita aplicació mòbil que es connectarà via Bluetooth a la instal·lació domòtica. Això, permetrà a l'usuari actuar sobre el sistema, de la mateixa forma que es fa des de la interface física de controlador central, però d'una forma remota, intuïtiva i per tant més còmoda pel consumidor

POWER POINT TRACKING CONTROLLER FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) ARRAY

There is a need for the applications of photovoltaic (PV) system in Malaysia, due to the rising ofworld oil prices. Malaysia is well endowed with non - renewable and renewable energy source. Bulk ofour electricity demand is met by the use offossil - fuel based electrical power plants. TNB's current energy generation mix is approximately 35% coal, 34.7% natural gas and 18.26% hydro with the remaining 12.1% from oil, gas and diesel for a combined installed capacity of 10481 MW. A shift towards alternative energy such as solar energy, one of the abundant energy in Malaysia, is essential. There are many initiatives have been initiated in moving towards the development of solar energy in Malaysia. Use of PV in harnessing solar energy to generate electricity is a proven technology, but the utilization ofPV is not optimized. PV cell is expensive and the efficiency ofPV is relatively low. Agood tracking system is crucial in order to optimize PV performance in generating electricity. Thus, inthis project the focus is in designing a system that will track the sun for better PV performance. Ahybrid tracking system is introduced in this project, where it consists of two controlling methods. The automatic controller system will control the motion of the tracker in East - to - West direction, while the manual system will control North - to - South motion. As a conclusion, this project offers simple yet practical system that can help to improve the efficiency ofthe PV related system

Road Traffic Rules Violators' Monitoring System

This purpose of this system is to catch vehicle, which breaks the red traffic signal by sending the unique characters (e.g. vehicle's registration number) to the database and keep the record for future action. The main objective of this project is to transmit alphanumeric characters through RF medium and display the characters on the LCD matrix at the receiver. The system is using digital RF transmitter and receiver integrated with 16F84A PIC micro controller for the ASCII code conversion, data encoding and decoding task. Thus, the next objective is to develop the programming code for the 16F84A to perform all these tasks. In the project, the assembly language is used to develop the programming code. The VMS operates only when the traffic signal is red. In this project, a switch is used to trigger the transmitter in the vehicle at that particular time. The switch is only working under certain state condition (RED light is ON). In the future and practical used, the switch can be replaced with a Hall sensor. The hall sensor detects the magnetic flux introduced by the electromagnet, which is installed under the road surface. The first section of the report will tell about the introduction of background of the project, the concept ofRTRVMS, problem statement, objectives and scopes of study. The second section of the report is literature review of the components used in the system. The third section will be the methodology and project work including the project development. The forth section! is the project Findings and discussion throughout this semester and also the problem facing. This simple system can be one of the solutions to control the road traffic violent in the future

Design of a GSM-Based Biometric Access Control System

Access control systems restrict access to a secured premise or other secured devices (like a safe) only to authorized persons. In this design a biometric (fingerprint based) access control system was developed with added versatility: remotely Adding/Removing users and monitoring the system’s operation via a GSM Phone. The administrator phone sends SMS commands to the system to put it in the desired operating modes (as security situations arise) and to add/remove users of the premise; thus, the system can work both independently and as dictated by the administrator. The main components are a Fingerprint Module, a GSM/GPRS modem, the door & its control circuitry, and an AT89C52 microcontroller. The microcontroller polls the SMS received by the GSM modem, interprets it to puts the system in the desired mode, sends appropriate SCAN/DELETE/ADD command to the fingerprint scanner, opens/closes the door at each access request by any user (registered or not) based on the present system mode and command it receives from the scanner. The microcontroller’s code is written in ASSEMBLY language using KEIL MICRO-VISION3 emulator/debugger. At completion, the system quite responded in the four set modes: it adds/deletes user fingerprints appropriately, shuts-off when instructed, opens/closes the door when a registered fingerprint is recognized, displays messages appropriately on the LCD screen and receives/sends the appropriate SMS to the Administrator’s phone. Keywords: Access Control System, Biometric, GSM, SMS, Administrato

Advances in Solid State Circuit Technologies

This book brings together contributions from experts in the fields to describe the current status of important topics in solid-state circuit technologies. It consists of 20 chapters which are grouped under the following categories: general information, circuits and devices, materials, and characterization techniques. These chapters have been written by renowned experts in the respective fields making this book valuable to the integrated circuits and materials science communities. It is intended for a diverse readership including electrical engineers and material scientists in the industry and academic institutions. Readers will be able to familiarize themselves with the latest technologies in the various fields

MOCAST 2021

The 10th International Conference on Modern Circuit and System Technologies on Electronics and Communications (MOCAST 2021) will take place in Thessaloniki, Greece, from July 5th to July 7th, 2021. The MOCAST technical program includes all aspects of circuit and system technologies, from modeling to design, verification, implementation, and application. This Special Issue presents extended versions of top-ranking papers in the conference. The topics of MOCAST include:Analog/RF and mixed signal circuits;Digital circuits and systems design;Nonlinear circuits and systems;Device and circuit modeling;High-performance embedded systems;Systems and applications;Sensors and systems;Machine learning and AI applications;Communication; Network systems;Power management;Imagers, MEMS, medical, and displays;Radiation front ends (nuclear and space application);Education in circuits, systems, and communications

Field programmable gate array based multiple input multiple output transmitter

MIMO is an advanced antenna technology compared to Single Input Single output (SISO), Multiple Input Single Output (MISO), and Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO) and is used to obtain high data rate in the system. Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems have at least two transmitting antennas, each generating unique signals. However some applications may require three, four, or more transmitting devices to achieve the desired system performance. This thesis describes a comparison between different approaches like the microcontroller, ASICs and the FPGA available in the market for baseband signal generation. It also describes the design of a scalable MIMO transmitter, based on field programmable gate array (FPGA) technology that was selected among the processors due to its capability to provide reconfigurable hardware and software. Each module of the MIMO transmitter contains a FPGA, and associated digital-to-analog converters, I/Q modulators, and RF amplifiers needed to power one of the MIMO transmitters. The system is designed to handle up to a 10 Mbps data rate, and transmit signals in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz ISM band --Abstract, page iii

Design and development of auxiliary components for a new two-stroke, stratified-charge, lean-burn gasoline engine

A unique stepped-piston engine was developed by a group of research engineers at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), from 2003 to 2005. The development work undertaken by them engulfs design, prototyping and evaluation over a predetermined period of time which was iterative and challenging in nature. The main objective of the program is to demonstrate local R&D capabilities on small engine work that is able to produce mobile powerhouse of comparable output, having low-fuel consumption and acceptable emission than its crankcase counterpart of similar displacement. A two-stroke engine work was selected as it posses a number of technological challenges, increase in its thermal efficiency, which upon successful undertakings will be useful in assisting the group in future powertrain undertakings in UTM. In its carbureted version, the single-cylinder aircooled engine incorporates a three-port transfer system and a dedicated crankcase breather. These features will enable the prototype to have high induction efficiency and to behave very much a two-stroke engine but equipped with a four-stroke crankcase lubrication system. After a series of analytical work the engine was subjected to a series of laboratory trials. It was also tested on a small watercraft platform with promising indication of its flexibility of use as a prime mover in mobile platform. In an effort to further enhance its technology features, the researchers have also embarked on the development of an add-on auxiliary system. The system comprises of an engine control unit (ECU), a directinjector unit, a dedicated lubricant dispenser unit and an embedded common rail fuel unit. This support system was incorporated onto the engine to demonstrate the finer points of environmental-friendly and fuel economy features. The outcome of this complete package is described in the report, covering the methodology and the final characteristics of the mobile power plant

High Speed Integrated Circuits for High Speed Coherent Optical Communications

With the development of (sub) THz transistor technologies, high speed integrated circuits up to sub-THz frequencies are now feasible. These high speed and wide bandwidth ICs can improve the performance of optical components, coherent optical fiber communication, and imaging systems. In current optical systems, electrical ICs are used primarily as driving amplifiers for optical modulators, and in receiver chains including TIAs, AGCs, LPFs, ADCs and DSPs. However, there are numerous potential applications in optics using high speed ICs, and different approaches may be required for more efficient, compact and flexible optical systems.This dissertation will discuss three different approaches for optical components and communication systems using high speed ICs: a homodyne optical phase locked loop (OPLL), a heterodyne OPLL, and a new WDM receiver architecture.The homodyne OPLL receiver is designed for short-link optical communication systems using coherent modulation for high spectral efficiency. The phase-locked coherent receiver can recover the transmitted data without requiring complex back-end digital signal processing to recover the phase of the received optical carrier. The main components of the homodyne OPLL are a photonic IC (PIC), an electrical IC (EIC), and a loop filter. One major challenge in OPLL development is loop bandwidth; this must be of order 1 GHz in order for the loop to adequately track and suppress the phase fluctuations of the locked laser, yet a 1 GHz loop bandwidth demands small (<100 ps) propagation delays if the loop is to be stable. Monolithic integration of the high-speed loop components into one electrical and one photonic IC decreases the total loop delay. We have designed and demonstrated an OPLL with a compact size of 10 × 10 mm2, stably operating with a loop bandwidth of 1.1 GHz, a loop delay of 120 ps, a pull-in time of 0.55 μs and lock time of <10 ns. The coherent receiver can receive 40 Gb/s BPSK data with a bit error rate (BER) of <10-7, and operates up to 35 Gb/s with BER 10-12.The thesis also describes heterodyne OPLLs. These can be used to synthesize optical wavelengths of a broad bandwidth (optical wavelength synthesis) with narrow linewidth and with fast frequency switching. There are many applications of such narrow linewidth optical signal sources, including low phase noise mm-wave and THz-signal sources, wavelength-division-multiplexed optical transmitters, and coherent imaging and sensor systems. The heterodyne OPLL also has the same stability issues (loop delay and sensitivity) as the homodyne OPLL. In the EIC, a single sideband mixer operating using digital design principles (DSSBM) enables precisely controlled sweeping of the frequency of the locked laser, with control of the sign of the frequency offset. The loop's phase and frequency difference detector (PFD) uses digital design techniques to make the OPLL loop parameters only weakly sensitive to optical signal levels or optical or electrical component gains. The heterodyne OPLL operates stably with a loop bandwidth of 550 MHz and loop delay of <200 ps. An initial OPLL design exhibited optical frequency (wavelength) synthesis from -6 GHz to -2 GHz and from 2 GHz to 9 GHz. An improved OPLL reached frequency tuning up to 25 GHz. The homodyne OPLL exhibits -110 dBc/Hz phase noise at 10 MHz offset and -80 dBc/Hz at 5 kHz offset.Finally, the thesis describes a new WDM receiver architecture using broadband electrical ICs. In the proposed WDM receiver, a set of received signals at different optical wavelengths are mixed against a single optical local oscillator. This mixing converts the WDM channels to electrical signals in the receiver photocurrent, with each WDM signal being converted to an RF sub-carrier of different frequency. An electrical IC then separately converts each sub-carrier signal to baseband using single-sideband mixers and quadrature local oscillators. The proposed receiver needs less complex hardware than the arrays of wavelength-sensitive receivers now used for WDM, and can readily adjust to changes in the WDM channel frequencies. The proposed WDM receiver concept was demonstrated through several system experiments. Image rejection of greater than 25 dB, adjacent channel suppression of greater than 20 dB, operation with gridless channels, and six-channel data reception at a total 15 Gb/s (2.5 Gb/s BPSK × 6-channels) were demonstrated