249 research outputs found
A comprehensive survey of wireless body area networks on PHY, MAC, and network layers solutions
Recent advances in microelectronics and integrated circuits, system-on-chip design, wireless communication and intelligent low-power sensors have allowed the realization of a Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN). A WBAN is a collection of low-power, miniaturized, invasive/non-invasive lightweight wireless sensor nodes that monitor the human body functions and the surrounding environment. In addition, it supports a number of innovative and interesting applications such as ubiquitous healthcare, entertainment, interactive gaming, and military applications. In this paper, the fundamental mechanisms of WBAN including architecture and topology, wireless implant communication, low-power Medium Access Control (MAC) and routing protocols are reviewed. A comprehensive study of the proposed technologies for WBAN at Physical (PHY), MAC, and Network layers is presented and many useful solutions are discussed for each layer. Finally, numerous WBAN applications are highlighted
IMDfence: Architecting a Secure Protocol for Implantable Medical Devices
Over the past decade, focus on the security and privacy aspects of implantable medical
devices (IMDs) has intensified, driven by the multitude of cybersecurity vulnerabilities found in various
existing devices. However, due to their strict computational, energy and physical constraints, conventional
security protocols are not directly applicable to IMDs. Custom-tailored schemes have been proposed instead
which, however, fail to cover the full spectrum of security features that modern IMDs and their ecosystems so
critically require. In this paper we propose IMDfence, a security protocol for IMD ecosystems that provides a
comprehensive yet practical security portfolio, which includes availability, non-repudiation, access control,
entity authentication, remote monitoring and system scalability. The protocol also allows emergency access
that results in the graceful degradation of offered services without compromising security and patient safety.
The performance of the security protocol as well as its feasibility and impact on modern IMDs are extensively
analyzed and evaluated. We find that IMDfence achieves the above security requirements at a mere less than
7% increase in total IMD energy consumption, and less than 14 ms and 9 kB increase in system delay and
memory footprint, respectively
Wireless body sensor networks for health-monitoring applications
This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article accepted for publication in
Physiological Measurement. The publisher is
not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version
derived from it. The Version of Record is available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0967-3334/29/11/R01
Smart system and mobile interface for healthcare: stress and diabetes
In this thesis, a system with multi-channel measurement capabilities was designed and implemented,
associated with the monitoring of stress levels, through a proposed algorithm that correlates heart
rate, respiratory rate, and galvanic skin response. Experimental validation tests were carried out, as
well as experiments with patients suffering from diabetes. To this end, measurements were made not
only of stress-related parameters, but also of parameters such as blood glucose levels and blood
pressure levels, seeking to extract correlations between stress and diabetes status. In addition, body
temperature was another parameter acquired, in order to assess its importance and relation to stress
and diabetes. The proposed multichannel system also features RFID technology for authentication
purposes, as well as Wi-Fi access for internet connection and storage of the acquired data in a database
structured for that purpose, thus enabling remote access. To allow the assessment of stress levels and
diabetes progress, a mobile application was also developed, which also allows the visualisation of the
analysed data.In this thesis, a system with multi-channel measurement capabilities was designed and implemented,
associated with the monitoring of stress levels, through a proposed algorithm that correlates heart
rate, respiratory rate, and galvanic skin response. Experimental validation tests were carried out, as
well as experiments with patients suffering from diabetes. To this end, measurements were made not
only of stress-related parameters, but also of parameters such as blood glucose levels and blood
pressure levels, seeking to extract correlations between stress and diabetes status. In addition, body
temperature was another parameter acquired, in order to assess its importance and relation to stress
and diabetes. The proposed multichannel system also features RFID technology for authentication
purposes, as well as Wi-Fi access for internet connection and storage of the acquired data in a database
structured for that purpose, thus enabling remote access. To allow the assessment of stress levels and
diabetes progress, a mobile application was also developed, which also allows the visualisation of the
analysed data
Human BodyâElectrode Interfaces for Wide-Frequency Sensing and Communication: A Review
Several on-body sensing and communication applications use electrodes in contact with the human body. Bodyâelectrode interfaces in these cases act as a transducer, converting ionic current in the body to electronic current in the sensing and communication circuits and vice versa. An ideal bodyâelectrode interface should have the characteristics of an electrical short, i.e., the transfer of ionic currents and electronic currents across the interface should happen without any hindrance. However, practical bodyâelectrode interfaces often have definite impedances and potentials that hinder the free flow of currents, affecting the applicationâs performance. Minimizing the impact of bodyâelectrode interfaces on the applicationâs performance requires one to understand the physics of such interfaces, how it distorts the signals passing through it, and how the interface-induced signal degradations affect the applications. Our work deals with reviewing these elements in the context of biopotential sensing and human body communication
A survey on wireless body area networks for eHealthcare systems in residential environments
The progress in wearable and implanted health monitoring technologies has strong potential to alter the future of healthcare services by enabling ubiquitous monitoring of patients. A typical health monitoring system consists of a network of wearable or implanted sensors that constantly monitor physiological parameters. Collected data are relayed using existing wireless communication protocols to the base station for additional processing. This article provides researchers with information to compare the existing low-power communication technologies that can potentially support the rapid development and deployment of WBAN systems, and mainly focuses on remote monitoring of elderly or chronically ill patients in residential environments
Physiological-based Driver Monitoring Systems: A Scoping Review
A physiological-based driver monitoring system (DMS) has attracted research interest and has great potential for providing more accurate and reliable monitoring of the driverâs state during a driving experience. Many driving monitoring systems are driver behavior-based or vehicle-based. When these non-physiological based DMS are coupled with physiological-based data analysis from electroencephalography (EEG), electrooculography (EOG), electrocardiography (ECG), and electromyography (EMG), the physical and emotional state of the driver may also be assessed. Driversâ wellness can also be monitored, and hence, traffic collisions can be avoided. This paper highlights work that has been published in the past five years related to physiological-based DMS. Specifically, we focused on the physiological indicators applied in DMS design and development. Work utilizing key physiological indicators related to driver identification, driver alertness, driver drowsiness, driver fatigue, and drunk driver is identified and described based on the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-Sc) Framework. The relationship between selected papers is visualized using keyword co-occurrence. Findings were presented using a narrative review approach based on classifications of DMS. Finally, the challenges of physiological-based DMS are highlighted in the conclusion. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-12-020 Full Text: PD
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