A critical review of the current state of forensic science knowledge and its integration in legal systems

Forensic science has a significant historical and contemporary relationship with the criminal justice system. It is a relationship between two disciplines whose origins stem from different backgrounds. It is trite that effective communication assist in resolving underlying problems in any given context. However, a lack of communication continues to characterise the intersection between law and science. As recently as 2019, a six-part symposium on the use of forensic science in the criminal justice system again posed the question on how the justice system could ensure the reliability of forensic science evidence presented during trials. As the law demands finality, science is always evolving and can never be considered finite or final. Legal systems do not always adapt to the nature of scientific knowledge, and are not willing to abandon finality when that scientific knowledge shifts. Advocacy plays an important role in the promotion of forensic science, particularly advocacy to the broader scientific community for financial support, much needed research and more testing. However, despite its important function, advocacy should not be conflated with science. The foundation of advocacy is a cause; whereas the foundation of science is fact. The objective of this research was to conduct a qualitative literature review of the field of forensic science; to identify gaps in the knowledge of forensic science and its integration in the criminal justice system. The literature review will provide researchers within the field of forensic science with suggested research topics requiring further examination and research. To achieve its objective, the study critically analysed the historical development of, and evaluated the use of forensic science evidence in legal systems generally, including its role regarding the admissibility or inadmissibility of the evidence in the courtroom. In conclusion, it was determined that the breadth of forensic scientific knowledge is comprehensive but scattered. The foundational underpinning of the four disciplines, discussed in this dissertation, has been put to the legal test on countless occasions. Some gaps still remain that require further research in order to strengthen the foundation of the disciplines. Human influence will always be present in examinations and interpretations and will lean towards subjective decision making.JurisprudenceD. Phil

Space programs summary no. 37-48, volume 1, for the period September 1 to October 31, 1967. Flight projects

Mariner, and Voyager planetary-interplanetary flight projects, and Surveyor lunar progra

Modern Approaches To Quality Control

Rapid advance have been made in the last decade in the quality control procedures and techniques, most of the existing books try to cover specific techniques with all of their details. The aim of this book is to demonstrate quality control processes in a variety of areas, ranging from pharmaceutical and medical fields to construction engineering and data quality. A wide range of techniques and procedures have been covered

Applications and Experiences of Quality Control

The rich palette of topics set out in this book provides a sufficiently broad overview of the developments in the field of quality control. By providing detailed information on various aspects of quality control, this book can serve as a basis for starting interdisciplinary cooperation, which has increasingly become an integral part of scientific and applied research

PhD

dissertationTwo standard tests for infectious mononucleosis (the Davidsohn differential and the ox cell hemolysin test) and ten slide tests Monotest (Wampole), Monospot (Ortho), Monosticon (Organon), Diagluto I. M. (Beckman), I. M. Kit (Micro. Res. Corp.), Mono-Diff (Wampole), Bacto-Hetrol (Difco), Monosticon Dri-Dot (Organon), Monophile (BDS) and Rythrotex (BMC) were evaluated as they were used in 50 laboratories within the state of Utah plus two referee laboratories outside the state. The state proficiency testing program for infectious mononucleosis was modified so that the desired evaluation survey data could be obtained. The sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility (within and between shipments) and percent agreement with target results were determined for each test. Factors which might have affected the test results were evaluated to determine which were correlated with good performance. These factors included: formal education of the technologist performing the test, professional affiliation of the technologist, technologist's experience, technologist's area of major interest, type of laboratory, size of laboratory, number of tests performed, use of the test (screen, confirm or both), technologist's experience with the test and procedural differences. Since there is a critical need for evaluation survey data in almost every area of clinical laboratory testing and since there are in existence numerous proficiency testing programs in these areas, it is felt that an enormous amount of valuable information could be relatively easily obtained by similar modifications of existing proficiency testing programs