A phylogenetic analysis of Orlando Gibbons's Prelude in G

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Oxford University Press via http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/em/cau10

Handbook of Stemmatology

Stemmatology studies aspects of textual criticism that use genealogical methods. This handbook is the first to cover the entire field, encompassing both theoretical and practical aspects, ranging from traditional to digital methods. Authors from all the disciplines involved examine topics such as the material aspects of text traditions, methods of traditional textual criticism and their genesis, and modern digital approaches used in the field

Tilastollisia ja informaatioteoreettisia data-analyysimenetelmiä

In this Thesis, we develop theory and methods for computational data analysis. The problems in data analysis are approached from three perspectives: statistical learning theory, the Bayesian framework, and the information-theoretic minimum description length (MDL) principle. Contributions in statistical learning theory address the possibility of generalization to unseen cases, and regression analysis with partially observed data with an application to mobile device positioning. In the second part of the Thesis, we discuss so called Bayesian network classifiers, and show that they are closely related to logistic regression models. In the final part, we apply the MDL principle to tracing the history of old manuscripts, and to noise reduction in digital signals."Data on esitys, jolla ei itsessään ole merkitystä. Kun dataa käsitellään ja sille annetaan merkitys, siitä voi syntyä informaatiota ja lopulta tietoa." [Wikipedia]. Datan muuntaminen informaatioksi on data-analyysia. Tähän sisältyvät datasta oppiminen ja siihen pohjautuvien päätelmien teko. Nykyaikaisessa data-analyysissa keskeisimpiin tieteenaloihin kuuluu tietojenkäsittelytiede, jonka roolina on tehokkaiden tietokoneessa suoritettavien sääntöjen ja algoritmien kehittäminen. Data-analyysissa tarvitaan myös muiden tieteenalojen osaamista, esimerkkeinä matematiikka, tilastotiede, tieteenfilosofia ja monet sovelletut tieteenalat kuten insinööritiede ja bioinformatiikka. Analyysin kohteena oleva data voi olla vaikkapa mittaustuloksia, kirjoitettua tekstiä tai kuvia --- näitä kaikkia datan olomuotoja esiintyy väitöskirjassa, jonka nimi on suomeksi "Tilastollisia ja informaatioteoreettisia data-analyysimenetelmiä". Väitöskirjassa data-analyysin ongelmia lähestytään kolmesta näkökulmasta, jotka ovat tilastollisen oppimisen teoria (engl. statistical learning theory), Bayes-menetelmät sekä informaatioteoreettinen lyhimmän kuvauspituuden periaate (engl. minimum description length (MDL) principle). Tilastollisen oppimisen teorian puitteissa käsitellään mahdollisuutta tehdä induktiivisia (yleistäviä) päätelmiä, jotka koskevat toistaiseksi kokonaan havaitsemattomia tapauksia, sekä lineaarisen mallin oppimista vain osittain havaitusta datasta. Jälkimmäinen tutkimus mahdollistaa tehokkaan radioaaltojen etenemisen mallintamisen, mikä puolestaan helpottaa mm. mobiililaitteiden paikannusta. Väitöskirjan toisessa osassa osoitetaan läheinen yhteys ns. Bayes-verkkoluokittelijoiden ja logistisen regression välillä. Näiden kahden parhaita puolia yhdistelemällä johdetaan uusi tehokkaiden luokittelualgoritmien perhe, jonka välityksellä voidaan saavuttaa tasapaino luokittelijan monimutkaisuuden ja oppimisnopeuden välillä. Väitöskirjan viimeisessä osassa sovelletaan MDL-periaatetta kahteen erityyppiseen ongelmaan. Ensimmäisenä ongelmana pyritään rekonstruoimaan useina erilaisina kappaleina esiintyvän tekstin syntyhistoria. Aineistona on käytetty Pyhän Henrikin latinankielisen pyhimyslegendan n. 50 erilaista tekstiversiota. Tuloksena saatava tekstiversioiden "sukupuu" tarjoaa kiinnostavaa tietoa Suomen ja Pohjoismaiden keskiajan historiasta. Toisena ongelmana tutkitaan digitaalisten signaalien, kuten digikuvien, laadun parantamista kohinaa vähentämällä. Mahdollisuus käyttää alunperin huonolaatuista signaalia on hyödyllinen mm. lääketieteellisissä kuvantamissovelluksissa

The Copying and Collection of Music in the Trouvère Chansonnier F-Pn fr. 24406

F-Pn fr. 24406 is a codex of 155 folios containing, along with two Old-French prose works and a series of religious lyrics, 301 vernacular songs, all but one with notation. Despite its rich contents, fr. 24406 rarely receives mention in lists of the most important trouvère chansonniers. The majority of its contents are held in common with several of the other twenty chansonniers with notation. Editors consistently prefer other manuscripts’ musical and textual readings to those of fr. 24406, because of the uniqueness of its readings and its supposed inaccuracy. In this thesis, I argue that modern editorial principles have biased scholarship against perceiving what fr. 24406 has to offer and that both its history and its contents are to be valued. Its music scribes, by their very individuality and even their mistakes, reveal much about the notated transmission of the songs, about the previous existence of now-lost sources, and about the craftsmanship displayed by notators of vernacular monophony. I propose to view what has been seen as sloppiness in fr. 24406 as its flexibility. The medieval songbook, sometimes seen as an obstacle to scholarly access to authored originals or to medieval performances, is treated as in itself a worthy work of art. The thesis traces the themes of flexibility and scribal intelligence through the history of fr. 24406. My point of reference is the moment of copying and thus the thesis divides naturally into three parts: before, during and after copying. I begin after, with the combination shelf-mark’s two component manuscripts. The question of their relationship offers an occasion to trace the book’s usage since its compilation and changing scholarly opinions since its first notice. The task of manuscript description is thus largely accomplished through the lens of secondary scholarship. For the manuscript’s prehistory, I mine codicological evidence and apply musical comparison to demonstrate the existence of multiple lost, notated exemplars for fr. 24406. The final part of the thesis is then devoted to describing the notators against this backdrop. Comparison of notational techniques between sources lets us pinpoint the decisions of fr. 24406’s notators and describe their adaptability, their intelligence, and their craft.This PhD was funded by the Cambridge International Trus

Nation and Compilation in England, 1270-1500

Scholarship has frequently explored how people in medieval England engaged the concept of nation. Scholarship has also investigated the manners in which book production participated in and enacted cultural phenomena. Hitherto, there has been limited consideration of these two concerns together. This is problematic because the manuscripts which carry medieval texts to modern scholars offer the best evidence of contemporary reception of these texts. This dissertation fills this void. It unites questions of compilation and nation in the study of medieval England from 1270 to 1500. It explores the manner in which the collection of works in one manuscript—the manuscript matrix—engages, shapes, denies, or ignores the discourses of the English nation. The dissertation opens with consideration of the textual network of those manuscripts containing one or two tales of Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. It further argues that such study reveals a political interpretation at the heart of the Clerk's Tale. This dissertation's attention to the manuscript matrix also challenges longstanding proto-nationalist readings of Layamon's Brut and Thomas Malory's Morte Darthur and replaces these with more complicated interpretations of their engagement with nation. Ultimately, the manuscript matrix proves a powerful tool for demonstrating the pluralistic and paradoxical engagements with concepts of nation within late medieval England