Survey on individual components for a 5 GHz receiver system using 130 nm CMOS technology

La intención de esta tesis es recopilar información desde un punto de vista general sobre los diferentes tipos de componentes utilizados en un receptor de señales a 5 GHz utilizando tecnología CMOS. Se ha realizado una descripción y análisis de cada uno de los componentes que forman el sistema, destacando diferentes tipos de configuraciones, figuras de mérito y otros parámetros. Se muestra una tabla resumen al final de cada sección, comparando algunos diseños que se han ido presentando a lo largo de los años en conferencias internacionales de la IEEE.The intention of this thesis is to gather information from an overview point about the different types of components used in a 5 GHz receiver using CMOS technology. A review of each of the components that form the system has been made, highlighting different types of configurations, figure of merits and parameters. A summary table is shown at the end of each section, comparing many designs that have been presented over the years at international conferences of the IEEE.Departamento de Ingeniería Energética y FluidomecánicaGrado en Ingeniería en Electrónica Industrial y Automátic

HIGH PERFORMANCE CMOS WIDE-BAND RF FRONT-END WITH SUBTHRESHOLD OUT OF BAND SENSING

In future, the radar/satellite wireless communication devices must support multiple standards and should be designed in the form of system-on-chip (SoC) so that a significant reduction happen on cost, area, pins, and power etc. However, in such device, the design of a fully on-chip CMOS wideband receiver front-end that can process several radar/satellite signal simultaneously becomes a multifold complex problem. Further, the inherent high-power out-of-band (OB) blockers in radio spectrum will make the receiver more non-linear, even sometimes saturate the receiver. Therefore, the proper blocker rejection techniques need to be incorporated. The primary focus of this research work is the development of a CMOS high-performance low noise wideband receiver architecture with a subthreshold out of band sensing receiver. Further, the various reconfigurable mixer architectures are proposed for performance adaptability of a wideband receiver for incoming standards. Firstly, a high-performance low- noise bandwidthenhanced fully differential receiver is proposed. The receiver composed of a composite transistor pair noise canceled low noise amplifier (LNA), multi-gate-transistor (MGTR) trans-conductor amplifier, and passive switching quad followed by Tow Thomas bi-quad second order filter based tarns-impedance amplifier. An inductive degenerative technique with low-VT CMOS architecture in LNA helps to improve the bandwidth and noise figure of the receiver. The full receiver system is designed in UMC 65nm CMOS technology and measured. The packaged LNA provides a power gain 12dB (including buffer) with a 3dB bandwidth of 0.3G – 3G, noise figure of 1.8 dB having a power consumption of 18.75mW with an active area of 1.2mm*1mm. The measured receiver shows 37dB gain at 5MHz IF frequency with 1.85dB noise figure and IIP3 of +6dBm, occupies 2mm*1.2mm area with 44.5mW of power consumption. Secondly, a 3GHz-5GHz auxiliary subthreshold receiver is proposed to estimate the out of blocker power. As a redundant block in the system, the cost and power minimization of the auxiliary receiver are achieved via subthreshold circuit design techniques and implementing the design in higher technology node (180nm CMOS). The packaged auxiliary receiver gives a voltage gain of 20dB gain, the noise figure of 8.9dB noise figure, IIP3 of -10dBm and 2G-5GHz bandwidth with 3.02mW power consumption. As per the knowledge, the measured results of proposed main-high-performancereceiver and auxiliary-subthreshold-receiver are best in state of art design. Finally, the various viii reconfigurable mixers architectures are proposed to reconfigure the main-receiver performance according to the requirement of the selected communication standard. The down conversion mixers configurability are in the form of active/passive and Input (RF) and output (IF) bandwidth reconfigurability. All designs are simulated in 65nm CMOS technology. To validate the concept, the active/ passive reconfigurable mixer configuration is fabricated and measured. Measured result shows a conversion gain of 29.2 dB and 25.5 dB, noise figure of 7.7 dB and 10.2 dB, IIP3 of -11.9 dBm and 6.5 dBm in active and passive mode respectively. It consumes a power 9.24mW and 9.36mW in passive and active case with a bandwidth of 1 to 5.5 GHz and 0.5 to 5.1 GHz for active/passive case respectively

Architectures and Circuit Techniques for High-Performance Field-Programmable CMOS Software Defined Radios

Next-generation wireless communication systems put more stringent performance requirements on the wireless RF receiver circuits. Sensitivity, linearity, bandwidth and power consumption are some of the most important specifications that often face tightly coupled tradeoffs between them. To increase the data throughput, a large number of fragmented spectrums are being introduced to the wireless communication standards. Carrier aggregation technology needs concurrent communication across several non-contiguous frequency bands, which results in a rapidly growing number of band combinations. Supporting all the frequency bands and their aggregation combinations increases the complexity of the RF receivers. Highly flexible software defined radio (SDR) is a promising technology to address these applications scenarios with lower complexity by relaxing the specifications of the RF filters or eliminating them. However, there are still many technology challenges with both the receiver architecture and the circuit implementations. The performance requirements of the receivers can also vary across different application scenario and RF environments. Field-programmable dynamic performance tradeoff can potentially reduce the power consumption of the receiver. In this dissertation, we address the performance enhancement challenges in the wideband SDRs by innovations at both the circuit building block level and the receiver architecture level. A series of research projects are conducted to push the state-of-the-art performance envelope and add features such as field-programmable performance tradeoff and concurrent reception. The projects originate from the concept of thermal noise canceling techniques and further enhance the RF performance and add features for more capable SDR receivers. Four generations of prototype LNA or receiver chips are designed, and each of them pushes at least one aspect of the RF performance such as bandwidth, linearity, and NF. A noise-canceling distributed LNA breaks the tradeoff between NF and RF bandwidth by introducing microwave circuit techniques from the distributed amplifiers. The LNA architecture uniquely provides ultra high bandwidth and low NF at low frequencies. A family of field-programmable LNA realized field-programmable performance tradeoff with current-reuse programmable transconductance cells. Interferer-reflecting loops can be applied around the LNAs to improve their input linearity by rejecting the out-of-band interferers with a wideband low in- put impedance. A low noise transconductance amplifier (LNTA) that operates in class-AB-C is invented to can handle rail-to-rail out-of-band blocker without saturation. Class-AB and class-C transconductors form a composite amplifier to increase the linear range of the input voltage. A new antenna interface named frequency-translational quadrature-hybrid (FTQH) breaks the input impedance matching requirement of the LNAs by introducing quadrature hybrid couplers to the CMOS RFIC design. The FTQH receiver achieves wideband sub-1dB NF and supports scalable massive frequency-agile concurrent reception

Design and investigation of nanometric integrated circuits for all-digital frequency synthesisers

Disertacijoje nagrinėjami daugiajuosčių dažnio sintezatorių blokai, modeliai bei jų kūrimas taikant nanometrines integrinių grandynų technologijas. Iškeliama ir įrodoma hipotezė, kad taikant nanometrines technologijas visiškai skaitmeniniai dažnio sintezatoriai įgalina gauti parametrus, reikiamus daugiajuosčiams belai- džio ryšio siųstuvams-imtuvams. Darbo tikslas – sukurti visiškai skaitmeninio dažnio sintezatoriaus blokus, kuriuos naudojant galima pasiekti reikiamus sinte- zatoriaus, skirto daugiajuosčiams belaidžio ryšio siųstuvams-imtuvams, paramet- rus taikant nanometrines integrinių grandynų gamybos technologijas. Darbe išsp- ręsti tokie uždaviniai: ištirtos dažnio sintezatorių struktūros ir sukurta struktūra, tinkama įgyvendinti taikant nanometrines technologijas, sukurti ir ištirti siūlomos struktūros sintezatorių sudarančių blokų modeliai ir integriniai grandynai. Disertaciją sudaro įvadas, trys skyriai, bendrosios išvados, naudotos literatū- ros ir autoriaus publikacijų disertacijos tema sąrašai ir keturi priedai. Įvadiniame skyriuje aptariama tiriamoji problema, darbo aktualumas, aprašo- mas tyrimų objektas, formuluojamas darbo tikslas bei uždaviniai, aprašoma ty- rimų metodika, darbo mokslinis naujumas, darbo rezultatų praktinė reikšmė, gi- namieji teiginiai bei disertacijos struktūra. Pirmajame skyriuje apžvelgiamos dažnio sintezatorių rūšys, aprašomi pag- rindiniai dažnio sintezatorių parametrai ir dažniausiai naudojamos kokybės funk- cijos. Apžvelgiami dažnio sintezatorių modeliai ir jų veikimas fazės ir dažnio sri- tyse. Aprašomi visiškai skaitmeninio dažnio sintezatoriaus triukšmų šaltiniai. Skyriaus pabaigoje suformuluojami disertacijos uždaviniai. Antrajame skyriuje pasiūlyta ir taikoma nauja kokybės funkcija, leidžianti at- likti daugiajuosčių dažnio sintezatorių palyginamąją analizę. Iškeliami reikalavi- mai pagrindiniams sintezatoriaus blokams, nagrinėjami laikinio skaitmeninio kei- tiklio skiriamosios gebos didinimo būdai, sukurtas naujas laikinio skaitmeninio keitiklio modelis. Siūloma dažnio sintezatoriaus struktūra daugiajuosčiams siųs- tuvams-imtuvams. Trečiajame skyriuje pagal iškeltus reikalavimus daugiajuosčio dažnio sinte- zatoriaus blokams, taikant kompiuterinių skaičiavimų ir eksperimentinius meto- dus yra kuriami ir tiriami laikinio skaitmeninio keitiklio, skaitmeniniu būdu val- domo generatoriaus bei skaitmeninio filtro integriniai grandynai. Disertacijos tema yra atspausdinti 7 moksliniai straipsniai: 4 – mokslo žurna- luose, įtrauktuose į Clarivate Analytics Web of Science duomenų bazę, 1 – tarp- tautinių konferencijų medžiagoje, įtrauktoje į Clarivate Analytics Proceedings duomenų bazę, 2 – mokslo žurnaluose, referuojamuose kitose tarptautinėse duo- menų bazėse. Disertacijoje atliktų tyrimų rezultatai buvo paskelbti devyniose mokslinėse konferencijose Lietuvoje ir užsienyje