Class Brain Coprocessor based on Neuromorphic Circuit for Efficient Non-Formalization and Unstructured Information Processing

Class brain coprocessor is a type of coprocessor based on neuromorphic circuits that includes a memory module for storing training characteristics information, a processing module based on a hierarchical structure, and an encoder and decoder for input and output. This research proposes a memory module with a training characteristics storehouse and/or configurable training characteristics storehouse, and a processing module with a solidification functional network module and/or configurable functionality mixed-media network modules, which enhances the extended capability of the coprocessor. The proposed coprocessor employs distributed storage and concurrent collaborative processing, making it particularly suitable for handling non-formalization problems and unstructured information, as well as form problems and structured messages. The results show that this coprocessor significantly accelerates the speed of computers in processing class brain,informationificial intelligence, and reduces energy consumption while improving fault-tolerant ability, reducing programming complexity, and improving computing power

An IoT Endpoint System-on-Chip for Secure and Energy-Efficient Near-Sensor Analytics

Near-sensor data analytics is a promising direction for IoT endpoints, as it minimizes energy spent on communication and reduces network load - but it also poses security concerns, as valuable data is stored or sent over the network at various stages of the analytics pipeline. Using encryption to protect sensitive data at the boundary of the on-chip analytics engine is a way to address data security issues. To cope with the combined workload of analytics and encryption in a tight power envelope, we propose Fulmine, a System-on-Chip based on a tightly-coupled multi-core cluster augmented with specialized blocks for compute-intensive data processing and encryption functions, supporting software programmability for regular computing tasks. The Fulmine SoC, fabricated in 65nm technology, consumes less than 20mW on average at 0.8V achieving an efficiency of up to 70pJ/B in encryption, 50pJ/px in convolution, or up to 25MIPS/mW in software. As a strong argument for real-life flexible application of our platform, we show experimental results for three secure analytics use cases: secure autonomous aerial surveillance with a state-of-the-art deep CNN consuming 3.16pJ per equivalent RISC op; local CNN-based face detection with secured remote recognition in 5.74pJ/op; and seizure detection with encrypted data collection from EEG within 12.7pJ/op.Comment: 15 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication to the IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems - I: Regular Paper

ResOT: Resource-Efficient Oblique Trees for Neural Signal Classification

Classifiers that can be implemented on chip with minimal computational and memory resources are essential for edge computing in emerging applications such as medical and IoT devices. This paper introduces a machine learning model based on oblique decision trees to enable resource-efficient classification on a neural implant. By integrating model compression with probabilistic routing and implementing cost-aware learning, our proposed model could significantly reduce the memory and hardware cost compared to state-of-the-art models, while maintaining the classification accuracy. We trained the resource-efficient oblique tree with power-efficient regularization (ResOT-PE) on three neural classification tasks to evaluate the performance, memory, and hardware requirements. On seizure detection task, we were able to reduce the model size by 3.4X and the feature extraction cost by 14.6X compared to the ensemble of boosted trees, using the intracranial EEG from 10 epilepsy patients. In a second experiment, we tested the ResOT-PE model on tremor detection for Parkinson's disease, using the local field potentials from 12 patients implanted with a deep-brain stimulation (DBS) device. We achieved a comparable classification performance as the state-of-the-art boosted tree ensemble, while reducing the model size and feature extraction cost by 10.6X and 6.8X, respectively. We also tested on a 6-class finger movement detection task using ECoG recordings from 9 subjects, reducing the model size by 17.6X and feature computation cost by 5.1X. The proposed model can enable a low-power and memory-efficient implementation of classifiers for real-time neurological disease detection and motor decoding

Comparação de desempenho entre os modelos neurais ágeis ELM e WiSARD

Neural models are popular in machine learning. Agile neural models are a subset of this kind of models and are characterized by presenting a significantly faster training time, being applied mainly in online learning domains. Two examples of agile neural models are the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), a single hidden layer feedforward neural network which synaptic weights do not need to be iteractively adjusted, and the Wilkes, Stonham and Aleksander Recognition Device (WiSARD), a weightless neural network model with multiple discriminators that use neurons based on RAM memory structures. In this work, a comparative study between ELM and WiSARD models is made, aiming to evaluate both models performance when applied to different datasets having different characteristics. The evaluation is made by comparing test accuracy, training and testing times metrics, as well as the amount of RAM memory consumed by the models.Modelos neurais são populares na área de aprendizado de máquina. Dentre os vários tipos de modelos desta classe, os modelos neurais ágeis se destacam por apresentarem tempo de treinamento consideravelmente inferior, sendo utilizados principalmente em domínios de aprendizado online. Dois exemplos deste tipo de modelo são a Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), que é uma rede neural com uma única camada oculta cujos pesos sinápticos não precisam ser ajustados, e a Wilkes, Stonham and Aleksander Recognition Device (WiSARD), um modelo de rede neural sem pesos com múltiplos discriminadores que utilizam neurônios implementados como estruturas de memória RAM. Neste trabalho, ´e realizado um estudo comparativo entre os modelos neurais ágeis ELM e WiSARD, visando avaliar o desempenho de ambos quando aplicados a diferentes conjuntos de dados com diferentes características. A avaliação é feita a partir da comparação das métricas de acurácia de teste, tempos de treinamento e de teste, além do uso de memória RAM dos dois modelos