Documentation of HIV prevention research and programmatic learnings from India—Selected peer-reviewed journal articles and key highlights: 2013-2014 (Volume 2)

Over the past decade (2001–11), there has been a steady decline in adult HIV prevalence in India as a result of evidence-based, intensive, and scaled HIV-prevention programs. Findings from the implementation of programs have been widely documented and have been published both as reports and peer-reviewed journal articles. In “Documentation of HIV Prevention Research and Programmatic Learnings from India,” Volume 2, we bring together recent articles published in peer-reviewed journals on the lessons learned from the HIV-prevention program in India. The document is divided into four thematic sections, and research highlights are presented at the start of each section. This compilation of papers will be a useful reference tool to guide policymakers, program managers, and field teams in different states of India in the design and implementation of HIV-prevention programs

Documentation of HIV prevention research and programmatic learnings from India—Selected peer-reviewed journal publications from the Knowledge Network Project (Volume 1)

Over the past decade (2000–11), India has achieved dramatic successes in reversing the HIV epidemic. These successes are largely due to the implementation of upscaled HIV-prevention interventions by the National AIDS Control Organization, two other donors, and nongovernmental organizations, under the National AIDS Control Program III. As the epidemic in India is concentrated in vulnerable subpopulations, these interventions were focused on high-risk groups. It is important to understand the lessons learned from the implementation of HIV-prevention programs and the vulnerabilities that need to be addressed to reach the goal of zero new infections. To support this understanding, the Population Council and its Knowledge Network Project partners have been documenting and disseminating evidence-based lessons from upscaled HIV-prevention programs in India. As part of this initiative, selected peer-reviewed journal publications from the Knowledge Network Project have been compiled into “Documentation of HIV Prevention Research and Programmatic Learnings from India,” Volume 1. This reference tool can help guide policymakers, program managers, and field teams in different states of India in the design and implementation of HIV-prevention programs

Annotated bibliography of peer-reviewed literature related to the sexual and reproductive health of young people in Nigeria (2000-2014)

The 1994 International Conference on Population and Development’s Programme of Action identified eight components (safe motherhood, gender equity, family planning information and services, prevention and treatment of infertility and sexual dysfunction in both men and women, prevention and management of the complications of abortion, prevention and treatment of reproductive tract infections and sexually transmitted infections including HIV, elimination of harmful customary practices, and screening for reproductive tract cancers—prostate, breast, and cervix) of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) for all persons including young people aged 10–24. This annotated bibliography is organized with the eight components as its guiding framework with several other sections (sexual abuse, coercion, and violence; other sexual and reproductive health and rights related topics) included to provide a more comprehensive classification of published peer-reviewed literature related to the SRH of young Nigerians aged 10–24 from 2000 to 2014. Literature searches utilizing PubMed, JSTOR, and Google Scholar were conducted to find the relevant publications. Of note, no articles were found pertaining to the prevention and treatment of infertility and sexual dysfunction in the desired age group

Organizational change within human service organizations: A study on the relationship between Public Housing Authority employee's perceptions on readiness, climate, and process change and employee status, 2013

This study examines public housing authority employees' perceptions of readiness, climate and process of change and employee status. Sixty-six (66) survey participants were selected for this study utilizing convenience sampling. The survey participants were current public housing authority employees who underwent organizational change. The survey in this study, Organizational Change Questionnaire- Climate of Change, Processes and Readiness (OCQ-CPR), utilized a four-point continuum Likert scale. Frequency distribution, cross tabulations and the statistical test of chi-square were used to analyze the relationship between the variables. The findings of the study indicated that there was no statistical relationship between the variables

Population growth and natural resource scarcity: long-run development under seemingly unfavourable conditions

The paper develops a model with non-exponential population growth, nonrenewable natural resources, and endogenous knowledge creation to analyse substitution between primary inputs and an essential use of resources in the innovation sectors, which is generally considered as most unfavourable for growth. We show that population growth and poor input substitution are not detrimental but even needed to obtain sustainable consumption. A permanent increase in living standards can be achieved under free market conditions. With a backstop technology, the system converges to a balanced growth path with classical properties.Population growth, non-renewable resources, poor input substitution, technical change, sustainability

Internal Migration and Regional Population Dynamics in Europe: Romanian Case Study

The report analyses population migration and change in Romania over the period 1984-1994. The analysis of population change is conducted for 2948 communes and towns, the finest administrative division for which population data are available. The lack of migration data on the level of communes and towns makes in-depth analysis of the migration for small spatial units impossible. For that reason analysis of the patterns of migration is conducted for 40 Judete (also referred to as counties or regions) and the capital city of Bucharest, i.e. 41 units altogether. Council of Europe Publishing, F-67075 Strasbourg - Cedex, France

Patterns of population location in Auckland

This paper uses spatial statistical techniques to examine the economic determinants of residential location patterns in Auckland in 2006. The primary empirical focus of this paper is descriptive. We seek to establish the extent to which there are identifiable population subgroups that cluster together within the Auckland Urban Area, and further, to ascertain where these groups mainly live. It confirms previous findings of strong ethnic clustering and identifies clustering by qualification, income, and country of birth. It examines the interaction between incomes, land prices, and population density, and the relationship of land price with access to selected locational amenities.Residential location choice; local amenities; residential sorting

Determinants of Living Arrangements of Lesotho’s Elderly Female Population

The paper addresses the demographic and socioeconomic correlates of living arrangements of women aged 60 years and over in Lesotho using the 1996 Census of Lesotho data file. Simple cross-tabular and multivariate techniques are applied to the household distribution of the census. The results show that a majority of elderly women in the country are widows, live in the rural areas, have had little education, and dwell in extended family households of which a significant proportion of them are the head. The findings further indicate that the age of the women’s surviving children, and advancing age of the elderly themselves are important factors contributing to kin coresidence of the Lesotho elderly female population. The propensity of coresidence is found to increase with advancing age, while higher levels of educational attainment have significant negative correlation with the likelihood of kin coresidence. A combination of fertility decline, migration, and urbanization puts the older women in a disadvantaged position since there are fewer adult children available to provide support and care, and there is no universal non- familial social security system