Parity doubling in particle physics

Parity doubling in excited hadrons is reviewed. Parity degeneracy in hadrons was first experimentally observed 40 years ago. Recently new experimental data on light mesons caused much excitement and renewed interest to the phenomenon, which still remains to be enigmatic. The present retrospective review is an attempt to trace the history of parity doubling phenomenon, thus providing a kind of introduction to the subject. We begin with early approaches of 1960s (Regge theory and dynamical symmetries) and end up with the latest trends (manifestations of broader degeneracies and AdS/QCD). We show the evolution of various ideas about parity doubling. The experimental evidence for this phenomenon is scrutinized in the non-strange sector. Some experiments of 1960s devoted to the search for missing non-strange bosons are re-examined and it is argued that results of these experiments are encouraging from the modern perspective.Comment: Version to appear in Int. J. Mod. Phys. A, 63 pages, 9 figure

Richard Lovelace a Study in Poetic Design

The purpose of this study is to evaluate, and hopefully, to elevate the literary currency of Richard Lovelace. To this end, various methods and approaches will be utilized in order to capture a comprehensive, yet coherent view of Lovelace and his poetry. Specifically, these methods and approaches will include: a survey of Lovelace\u27s biography, including clarification of discrepancies among authorities concerning pertinent details of his life; a location of Lovelace in the primary social, philosophical, and poetical movements of the early seventeenth century; an identification of Lovelace as a Cavalier poet, differentiating him from other Cavaliers; an analysis of representative poetry according to theme, imagery, and conflict-structures; and a summation of Lovelace\u27s critical reception since the Publication of Lucasta. Recent criticism, while inconclusive and sparse, points to an increased awareness of Lovelace\u27s conscious craftsmanship. This study is an effort at bringing this vision of Lovelace into clearer focus

The power of stories in Pediatrics and Genetics

On the occasion of the opening ceremony of the 43rd Sicilian Congress of Pediatrics, linked with Italian Society of Pediatrics SIP, SIN, SIMEUP, SIAIP and SINP, held in Catania in November 2015, the Organizing Committee dedicated a tribute to Professor John Opitz and invited him to give a Masters Lecture for the attendees at the Congress. The theme expounded was "Storytelling in Pediatrics and Genetics: Lessons from Aesop and from Mendel". The contribution of John Opitz to the understanding of pediatric clinical disorders and genetic anomalies has been extremely relevant. The interests of Professor John Opitz are linked not only to genetic disorders but also extend to historical medicine, history of the literature and to human evolution. Due to his exceptional talent, combined with his specific interest and basal knowledge in the genetic and pediatric fields, he is widely credited to be one of the best pediatricians in the world

Science, Translation and the Mangle:A Performative Conceptualization of Scientific Translation

Dans un contexte où les approches historiques et sociologiques suscitent de plus en plus d’intérêt pour l’étude de la traduction scientifique, le présent article explore le potentiel heuristique du concept avancé par Andrew Pickering, selon lequel la pratique agit comme une tordeuse (mangle of practice ; Pickering 1992 ; 1993 ; 1995 ; Pickering et Guzik 2008). Selon Pickering, la science est performative, de sorte qu’il faut rendre compte de l’interaction entre les agents humains et matériels engagés dans la pratique scientifique. Il est d’avis que les avancées scientifiques et technologiques émergent, au fil du temps, d’une dialectique entre résistance et accommodation, d’où la métaphore de la tordeuse. L’article présente les principaux arguments de Pickering, situe ceux-ci dans le contexte des études des sciences et technologies et explore ce qu’ils apportent à la traductologie, notamment aux études sur la pratique de la traduction. D’une part, ils permettent de mettre en évidence le rôle de la traduction dans l’exercice de la science et ouvrent la voie à l’étude de la traduction comme faisant partie intégrante des pratiques scientifiques. D’autre part, la perspective posthumaniste, ou décentrée, de Pickering permet de montrer l’interaction entre l’agent traducteur et la performativité matérielle parce qu’elle se concentre non seulement sur l’agent humain et l’agent matériel, mais aussi sur leur interaction. En conclusion, il est proposé que la traductologie prenne ce virage ontologique, lequel aiderait à mieux comprendre le rapport du traducteur aux outils, aux technologies et aux développements sociotechniques en traduction.Against a backdrop of growing interest in historical and sociological approaches to the translation of science, this paper explores the conceptual potential of Andrew Pickering’s ‘mangle of practice’ (Pickering 1992; 1993; 1995; Pickering and Guzik 2008) as a sociological framework for research into the translation of science. Pickering’s approach is situated within a performative idiom of science and seeks to account for the interplay of material and human agency in scientific practice. It sees scientific and technological advances as emerging temporally from a dialectic of resistance and accommodation, metaphorically the mangle of practice. This paper introduces the main tenets of Pickering’s argument, contextualizing it within the field of science and technology studies. It then explores some of the implications of construing translation in these terms. Firstly, this conceptual approach helps to recognize the role of translation in the performance of science and to seek ways of studying translation practices as an integral component of scientific practices. Secondly, Pickering’s posthumanist or decentred perspective focuses on both material and human agency and the interplay between them; a similar approach to the study of translation would foreground the interaction between translator agency and material performativity in studies of translation practices. I conclude with proposals for adopting this ontological shift in translation studies, where it may have the potential to enhance our understanding of translation practices, in particular in relation to tools, technologies and sociotechnical developments in translation

The post-disk (or primordial) spin distribution of M dwarf stars

We investigate the influence of an accretion disk on the angular momentum (AM) evolution of young M dwarfs, which parameters govern the AM distribution after the disk phase, and whether this leads to a mass-independent distribution of SAM. We find that above an initial rate $\dot{M}_\mathrm{crit} \sim 10^{-8}~\mathrm{M_\odot/yr}$ accretion "erases" the initial SAM of M dwarfs during the disk lifetime, and stellar rotation converges to values of SAM that are largely independent of initial conditions. For stellar masses $> 0.3~\mathrm{M_\odot}$, we find that observed initial accretion rates $\dot{M}_\mathrm{init}$ are comparable to or exceed $\dot{M}_\mathrm{crit}$. Furthermore, stellar SAM after the disk phase scales with the stellar magnetic field strength as a power-law with an exponent of $-1.1$. For lower stellar masses, $\dot{M}_\mathrm{init}$ is predicted to be smaller than $\dot{M}_\mathrm{crit}$ and the initial conditions are imprinted in the stellar SAM after the disk phase. To explain the observed mass-independent distribution of SAM, the stellar magnetic field strength has to range between 20~G and 500~G (700~G and 1500~G) for a 0.1~$\mathrm{M_\odot}$ (0.6~$\mathrm{M_\odot}$) star. These values match observed large-scale magnetic field measurements of young M~dwarfs and the positive relation between stellar mass and magnetic field strength agrees with a theoretically-motivated scaling relation. The scaling law between stellar SAM, mass, and the magnetic field strength is consistent for young stars, where these parameters are constrained by observations. Due to the very limited number of available data, we advocate for efforts to obtain more such measurements. Our results provide new constraints on the relation between stellar mass and magnetic field strength and can be used as initial conditions for future stellar spin models, starting after the disk phase. (shortened)Comment: accepted for publication in A&

Luminosity of young Jupiters revisited. Massive cores make hot planets

The intrinsic luminosity of young Jupiters is of high interest for planet formation theory. It is an observable quantity that is determined by important physical mechanisms during formation, namely the accretion shock structure, and even more fundamentally, the basic formation mechanism (core accretion or gravitational instability). We study the impact of the core mass on the post-formation entropy and luminosity of young giant planets forming via core accretion with a supercritical shock (cold accretion). For this, we conduct self-consistently coupled formation and evolution calculations of giant planets with masses between 1 and 12 Jovian masses and core masses between 20 and 120 Earth masses. We find that the post-formation luminosity of massive giant planets is very sensitive to the core mass. An increase of the core mass by a factor 6 results in an increase of the post-formation luminosity of a 10 Jovian mass planet by a factor 120. Due to this dependency, there is no single well defined post-formation luminosity for core accretion, but a wide range. For massive cores (~100 Earth masses), the post-formation luminosities of core accretion planets become so high that they approach those in the hot start scenario that is often associated with gravitational instability. For the mechanism to work, it is necessary that the solids are accreted before or during gas runaway accretion, and that they sink deep into the planet. We make no claims whether or not such massive cores can actually form in giant planets. But if yes, it becomes difficult to rule out core accretion as formation mechanism based solely on luminosity for directly imaged planets that are more luminous than predicted for low core masses. Instead of invoking gravitational instability as the consequently necessary formation mode, the high luminosity could also be caused simply by a more massive core.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures. A&A accepte