Wartime China’s Resistance against Japanese Aggression: Changing Interpretations and Perspectives

In 1931, Japan invaded Manchuria and established the puppet state of Manchukuo in northeast China. Hoping to avoid an all-out war with Japan, China pursued a policy of appeasement and did not resist the occupation of China. Nonetheless, in 1937 the Japanese launched a massive attack against Beijing and the eastern coastal cities of China and continued its assault until World War II ended in August 1945. This period, known as the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, has seen many shifts in its historical narrative. After Japan surrendered, a full-fledged civil war broke out between the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the Nationalist/Kuomintang (KMT). The 1949 victory of the CPC and subsequent Mao Zedong era (1949-1976) limited the Chinese memory of the war of against Japanese aggression. However, following the death of Mao, China began a “new remembering” of this war. Our research examines the changing interpretations and perspectives of wartime China in the Mao and post-Mao eras. In addition to academic literature on the subject, our paper draws upon our first-hand exploration of Chinese government-sponsored wartime museums and sites from our research trip to China in June, 2010. Our paper also evaluates the challenges that the Chinese government has encountered as it works to advance a comprehensive history that details the contributions of both the Nationalists and the Communists in the War against Japanese Aggression

Structural synthesis for broken strands repair operation metamorphic mechanism of EHV transmission lines

Special operation requirements are needed for repositing broken strands of extra-high-voltage (EHV) power transmission lines before repairing. Metamorphic mechanism is applied to satisfy the requirements and a novel structural synthesis method is proposed, considering the forms and structures of constrained metamorphic joints. Metamorphic cyclogram and equivalent resistance gradient matrix of metamorphic joints are obtained by analyzing the repairing operation. Meanwhile, the source metamorphic mechanism with structure of non-constrained metamorphic joints is selected. Constrained form/structure matrix of metamorphic joints is built according to metamorphic cyclogram and equivalent resistance gradient matrix. The relation between constraint force changes of joints and form/structure of metamorphic joints is then obtained; and all the eight corresponding structures of constrained metamorphic mechanism are synthesized. One of the eight mechanisms is chosen as the broken strands reposition metamorphic mechanism, and its topological transformations of working configuration are analyzed to verify the feasibility and practicality of structural synthesis method proposed in this paper

Health Communication Research Among the Chinese Hui Ethnic Minority Group in Shenyang City

This dissertation aims to contribute to the development of health communication in China by reporting on the results of explorative empirical research conducted among the Chinese Hui people in Shenyang City

Redefining through Remembering: China’s Political Objectives as Reflected in Chinese State Commemoration of the Korean War, 1950 - 2010

A 2019-2020 Williams Prize for best essay in East Asian Studies was awarded to Yoojin Han (Berkeley College \u2720) for her essay submitted to the Department of History, Redefining through Remembering: China’s Political Objectives as Reflected in Chinese State Commemoration of the Korean War, 1950 - 2010” (Denise Ho, Assistant Professor of History, advisor). A highly analytical and engaging senior essay grounded in an impressive array of both primary and secondary sources, Yoojin Han’s thesis, “Redefining through Remembering: China’s Political Objectives as Reflected in Chinese State Commemoration of the Korea War,” utilizes Chinese “leadership speeches” made and published during Korean War commemorations to examine: 1) the domestic and international use of Korean War history and 2) the ways in which Korean War commemorations reflect not only China and North Korean relations, but also China’s position in the socialistic bloc, in East Asia, and on the global stage. Using the People’s Daily, the People’s Liberation Army Daily, and the collected writings of Chinese leaders from Mao to Xi, Han analyzes the persistent themes underlying Korean War commemorations and deftly traces the nuances of how the propaganda of history reflected subtle shifts in Chinese domestic politics and international relations

Serum Activity of Platelet-Activating Factor Acetylhydrolase Is a Potential Clinical Marker for Leptospirosis Pulmonary Hemorrhage

Pulmonary hemorrhage has been recognized as a major, often lethal, manifestation of severe leptospirosis albeit the pathogenesis remains unclear. The Leptospira interrogans virulent serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar Lai encodes a protein (LA2144), which exhibited the platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) activity in vitro similar to that of human serum with respect to its substrate affinity and specificity and thus designated L-PAF-AH. On the other hand, the primary amino acid sequence of L-PAF-AH is homologous to the α1-subunit of the bovine brain PAF-AH isoform I. The L-PAF-AH was proven to be an intracellular protein, which was encoded unanimously and expressed similarly in either pathogenic or saprophytic leptospires. Mongolian gerbil is an appropriate experimental model to study the PAF-AH level in serum with its basal activity level comparable to that of human while elevated directly associated with the course of pulmonary hemorrhage during severe leptospirosis. Mortality occurred around the peak of pulmonary hemorrhage, along with the transition of the PAF-AH activity level in serum, from the increasing phase to the final decreasing phase. Limited clinical data indicated that the serum activity of PAF-AH was likely to be elevated in the patients infected by L. interrogans serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae, but not in those infected by other less severe serogroups. Although L-PAF-AH might be released into the micro-environment via cell lysis, its PAF-AH activity apparently contributed little to this elevation. Therefore, the change of PAF-AH in serum not only may be influential for pulmonary hemorrhage, but also seems suitable for disease monitoring to ensure prompt clinical treatment, which is critical for reducing the mortality of severe leptospirosis

Chinese Water Systems

This open-access book addresses latest Sino-German results of the joint research efforts within Major Water Program of the Chinese Government supported by German research funding. The Major Water Program aims at the restoration of polluted water environments and sustainable management of water resources in China. The joint BMBF-CLIENT project SINOWATER deals with three most significant and strongest polluted Chinese waters, the river Liao and the Dian-lake as well as Tai-lake in the area of the metropolises Shenyang, Kunming and Suzhou, respectively. The project was conducted by the Research Institute for Water and Waste Management at RWTH Aachen (FiW) e.V., Bavarian State Ministry of the Environment and Consumer Protection, Technical University of Munich, RWTH Aachen University, German and Chinese companies (Martin Membrane Systems AG, Steinhardt GmbH Wassertechnik, GuHong, JT-elektronik, bluemetric, Huawang Water, EVU Group, Atemis GmbH, i+f process GmbH) in close cooperation with Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tongji University, and the Dianchi Lake Management Authorities. Overall, the joint Sino-German research project SINOWATER provided solutions for the improvement of the water quality in the mentioned water bodies as well as development and optimization of Good Water Governance. These objectives could be achieved through the implementation of innovative German water technologies and the optimization of water management elements in the fields of industrial and municipal wastewater treatment as well as river and shallow lake management

Cryptanalysis of optical ciphers integrating double random phase encoding with permutation

This paper presents the cryptanalysis of optical ciphers combining double random phase encoding with permutation techniques, and shows its vulnerability against plaintext attack regardless of the implementation order of the two procedures. The equivalent secret keys of both the combination fashions can be retrieved, instead of the recovery of random phase masks and permutation matrix. Numerical simulations are also given for validation

Beijing Opera Elements in Qigang Chen’s Piano Concerto Er Huang

Beijing opera (known as jingju in Chinese) dates back to 1790 and is the most famous traditional Chinese regional opera of some 335 different styles, combining music, vocal performance, dance, and acrobatics. Originally considered vulgar by the court, Beijing opera became especially popular with the Qing dynasty court in its later days (1884-1910), thus raising its status at the beginning of the twentieth century to a ‘national opera.’ Furthermore, it has become an important nationalistic and traditional element in Chinese contemporary music. Qigang Chen studied and lived in Europe for long time and is proficient in Western compositional techniques. On the other hand, as a Chinese-born composer, he is rooted in Chinese conventions. Through his family upbringing, Chen is intimately familiar with Chinese traditional music and art. He has a strong emotional connection to his national music, especially the art of the Beijing opera. However, in his music, he deliberately fuses both Chinese and Western musical styles; he does not simply adopt Western compositional technique in order to transmit Chinese traditional music via Western instruments. Chen’s music has its own unique style, which is combined with the sonority and sense of Western music and the melody and sensibility of Chinese music. This research explores Qigang Chen’s use of Beijing opera elements in his piano concerto Er Huang while also presenting overviews of Chen, Beijing opera elements in Chinese piano music, Chinese music theory, and Beijing opera in general. This limited research on the piano concerto Er Huang will serve as a scholarly resource that will help introduce the combination of Chinese piano music and Beijing opera elements to Western pianists