900 MHZ radio-frequency identification rectifier with optimization and reusing of electro-static discharges protections in 180 nm digital CMOS technology

Sensitivity and electro-static discharges (ESD) protection level are crucial parameters for any Ultra High-Frequency (UHF) power rectifier–harvester designed for radio-frequency identification (RFID) devices. While sensitivity limits the reading range of the interrogator-to-tag communication link, the requirement for an adequate protection against ESD is enforced in commercial devices connected to a printed antenna. Both resistive and capacitive parasitics of the protection circuits severely affect RF performance of the device. In the paper, a rectifier for UHF RFID embedding an ESD protection for 2 kV human-body discharge model (HBM) level is proposed. The target of a low added parasitic capacitance is achieved by adapting the protection circuit to the RFID rectifier and reusing the ESD clamp for additional functions being mandatory in a UHF RFID front end. The layout of the ESD clamp has been optimized for minimum parasitic resistance without sacrificing the protection level. Two UHF harvesters were implemented in a 180 nm digital complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology, featuring a minimum sensitivity of −15.5 dBm with an ESD protection level of 2 kV HBM

Large space structures and systems in the space station era: A bibliography with indexes (supplement 05)

Bibliographies and abstracts are listed for 1363 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system between January 1, 1991 and July 31, 1992. Topics covered include technology development and mission design according to system, interactive analysis and design, structural and thermal analysis and design, structural concepts and control systems, electronics, advanced materials, assembly concepts, propulsion and solar power satellite systems

Recent Development of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems

Abstract: The use of renewable energies continues to increase. However, the energy obtained from renewable resources is variable over time. The amount of energy produced from the renewable energy sources (RES) over time depends on the meteorological conditions of the region chosen, the season, the relief, etc. So, variable power and nonguaranteed energy produced by renewable sources implies intermittence of the grid. The key lies in supply sources integrated to a hybrid system (HS)

ECOS 2012

The 8-volume set contains the Proceedings of the 25th ECOS 2012 International Conference, Perugia, Italy, June 26th to June 29th, 2012. ECOS is an acronym for Efficiency, Cost, Optimization and Simulation (of energy conversion systems and processes), summarizing the topics covered in ECOS: Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer, Exergy and Second Law Analysis, Process Integration and Heat Exchanger Networks, Fluid Dynamics and Power Plant Components, Fuel Cells, Simulation of Energy Conversion Systems, Renewable Energies, Thermo-Economic Analysis and Optimisation, Combustion, Chemical Reactors, Carbon Capture and Sequestration, Building/Urban/Complex Energy Systems, Water Desalination and Use of Water Resources, Energy Systems- Environmental and Sustainability Issues, System Operation/ Control/Diagnosis and Prognosis, Industrial Ecology