Internet of Things for Sustainable Community Development: Introduction and Overview

The two-third of the city-dwelling world population by 2050 poses numerous global challenges in the infrastructure and natural resource management domains (e.g., water and food scarcity, increasing global temperatures, and energy issues). The IoT with integrated sensing and communication capabilities has the strong potential for the robust, sustainable, and informed resource management in the urban and rural communities. In this chapter, the vital concepts of sustainable community development are discussed. The IoT and sustainability interactions are explained with emphasis on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and communication technologies. Moreover, IoT opportunities and challenges are discussed in the context of sustainable community development

6G Vision: Towards Future Collaborative Cognitive Communication (3C) Systems

6G networks are expected to have a breakthrough by enabling the emergence of collaborative cognitive communication services over heterogeneous environments for industry 5.0 applications. These applications are required to adapt human-centric approach to make the most of human intuition and intelligence in Industry 4.0 automation.It calls for a transdisciplinarity research domain to investigate innovative systems with overlapping realms of Psychology, Sociology, Communication networks, Artificial Intelligence , Natural Language Processing and Collaborative Computing. The author at the Cognitive Systems Research Centre, London South Bank University has coined the expression “3C Systems" to refer to such artifacts which stands for "Collaborative Cognitive Communication Systems”. In this paper, an innovative framework for 3C Systems is proposed that is able to analyze and predict both the human as well as machine behaviors. It proactively diagnoses issues and recommends solutions without requiring any human intervention. The proposed concept of 3C Systems would potentially contribute towards 6G standardization. The automation and orchestration aspects of this research have variety of applications stretched across city infrastructures, retail, business, tourism, health, law, education and travel. A thorough insight to a broad view of 6G vision has been presented towards envisioned 3C Systems, while covering its enabling technologies. The experimental results for the proof of concept implementation has been presented. Results affirm the technical capabilities of the concept, to contribute to several industry 5.0 applications including, but not limited to holographic communication, self-driving vehicles, context-aware infrastructure and personalized interfaces

On the Road to 6G: Visions, Requirements, Key Technologies and Testbeds

Fifth generation (5G) mobile communication systems have entered the stage of commercial development, providing users with new services and improved user experiences as well as offering a host of novel opportunities to various industries. However, 5G still faces many challenges. To address these challenges, international industrial, academic, and standards organizations have commenced research on sixth generation (6G) wireless communication systems. A series of white papers and survey papers have been published, which aim to define 6G in terms of requirements, application scenarios, key technologies, etc. Although ITU-R has been working on the 6G vision and it is expected to reach a consensus on what 6G will be by mid-2023, the related global discussions are still wide open and the existing literature has identified numerous open issues. This paper first provides a comprehensive portrayal of the 6G vision, technical requirements, and application scenarios, covering the current common understanding of 6G. Then, a critical appraisal of the 6G network architecture and key technologies is presented. Furthermore, existing testbeds and advanced 6G verification platforms are detailed for the first time. In addition, future research directions and open challenges are identified for stimulating the on-going global debate. Finally, lessons learned to date concerning 6G networks are discussed

Design and Analysis of a Through-Body Signal Transmission System Based on Human Oxygen Saturation Detection

For a long time, people have carried out various studies on molecular communication (MC) and the Internet of Bio-Nanothings (IoBNT) in order to realize biomedical applications inside the human body. However, how to realize the communication between these applications and the outside body has become a new problem. In general, different components in the blood have different light absorption rates. Based on this, we propose a new through-body communication method. The nanomachine in the blood vessel transmits signals by releasing certain substances that can influence blood oxygen saturation. The change in blood oxygen saturation can be detected by an outside body device measuring the attenuation of the light through the blood. The framework of the entire communication system is proposed and mathematically modeled. Its error performance is discussed and evaluated. The mutual information (MI) of the designed communication system is also derived and calculated. This research will contribute to the realization of the connection of the IoBNT inside the human body to the outside device

Joint communication and computation resource scheduling of a UAV-assisted mobile edge computing system for platooning vehicles

Connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) are recently envisioned to provide a tremendous social impact, while they put forward a much higher requirement for both vehicular communication and computation capacities to process resource-intensive applications. In this paper, we study unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted mobile edge computing (MEC) for a platoon of wireless power transmission (WPT)-enabled vehicles. Our objective is to maximize the system-wide computation capacity under both communication and computation resource constraints. We incorporate the coupled effects of the platooning vehicles and the flying UAV, air-to-ground (A2G) and ground-to-air (G2A) communications, onboard computing and energy harvesting into a joint scheduling optimization model of communication and computation resources. To tackle the resulting optimization problem, we propose a successive convex programming method based on a second-order convex approximation, in which feasible search directions are obtained by solving a sequence of quadratic programming subproblems and used to generate feasible points that can approach a local optimum. We also theoretically prove the feasibility and convergence of the proposed method. Moreover, simulation results are provided to validate the effectiveness of our proposed method and demonstrate its superior performance over other conventional schemes

What Will the Future ofUAV Cellular Communications Be?A Flight from 5G to 6G

What will the future of UAV cellular communicationsbe?In this tutorial article, we address such a compelling yetdifficult question by embarking on a journey from 5G to 6Gand expounding a large number of case studies supported byoriginal results. We start by overviewing the status quo on UAVcommunications from an industrial standpoint, providing freshupdates from the 3GPP and detailing new 5G NR features insupport of aerial devices. We then dissect the potential andthe limitations of such features. In particular, we demonstratehow sub-6 GHz massive MIMO can successfully tackle cellselection and interference challenges, we showcase encouragingmmWave coverage evaluations in both urban and suburban/ruralsettings, and we examine the peculiarities of direct device-to-device communications in the sky. Moving on, we sneak a peekat next-generation UAV communications, listing some of the usecases envisioned for the 2030s. We identify the most promising6G enablers for UAV communication, those expected to takethe performance and reliability to the next level. For each ofthese disruptive new paradigms (non-terrestrial networks, cell-free architectures, artificial intelligence, reconfigurable intelligentsurfaces, and THz communications), we gauge the prospectivebenefits for UAVs and discuss the main technological hurdles thatstand in the way. All along, we distil our numerous findings intoessential takeaways, and we identify key open problems worthyof further study