618 research outputs found
Optical boundaries for LED-based indoor positioning system
Overlap of footprints of light emitting diodes (LEDs) increases the positioning accuracy of wearable LED indoor positioning systems (IPS) but such an approach assumes that the footprint boundaries are defined. In this work, we develop a mathematical model for defining the footprint boundaries of an LED in terms of a threshold angle instead of the conventional half or full angle. To show the effect of the threshold angle, we compare how overlaps and receiver tilts affect the performance of an LED-based IPS when the optical boundary is defined at the threshold angle and at the full angle. Using experimental measurements, simulations, and theoretical analysis, the effect of the defined threshold angle is estimated. The results show that the positional time when using the newly defined threshold angle is 12 times shorter than the time when the full angle is used. When the effect of tilt is considered, the threshold angle time is 22 times shorter than the full angle positioning time. Regarding accuracy, it is shown in this work that a positioning error as low as 230 mm can be obtained. Consequently, while the IPS gives a very low positioning error, a defined threshold angle reduces delays in an overlap-based LED IPS
Unobtrusive Health Monitoring in Private Spaces: The Smart Vehicle
Unobtrusive in-vehicle health monitoring has the potential to use the driving time to perform regular medical check-ups. This work intends to provide a guide to currently proposed sensor systems for in-vehicle monitoring and to answer, in particular, the questions: (1) Which sensors are suitable for in-vehicle data collection? (2) Where should the sensors be placed? (3) Which biosignals or vital signs can be monitored in the vehicle? (4) Which purposes can be supported with the health data? We reviewed retrospective literature systematically and summarized the up-to-date research on leveraging sensor technology for unobtrusive in-vehicle health monitoring. PubMed, IEEE Xplore, and Scopus delivered 959 articles. We firstly screened titles and abstracts for relevance. Thereafter, we assessed the entire articles. Finally, 46 papers were included and analyzed. A guide is provided to the currently proposed sensor systems. Through this guide, potential sensor information can be derived from the biomedical data needed for respective purposes. The suggested locations for the corresponding sensors are also linked. Fifteen types of sensors were found. Driver-centered locations, such as steering wheel, car seat, and windscreen, are frequently used for mounting unobtrusive sensors, through which some typical biosignals like heart rate and respiration rate are measured. To date, most research focuses on sensor technology development, and most application-driven research aims at driving safety. Health-oriented research on the medical use of sensor-derived physiological parameters is still of interest
An IoT-Based Multimodal Real-Time Home Control System for the Physically Challenged: Design and Implementation
Physical impairments affect a significant proportion of the global populace, emphasizing the need for
assistive technologies to increase the ability of these individuals to perform daily activities autonomously. This study
discusses the development and implementation of a multimodal home control system, designed to afford physically
challenged individuals greater control over their home environments. This system utilizes the Internet of Things
(IoT) for its functionality. The system is primarily based on the utilization of the Amazon Alexa Echo Dot, which
facilitates speech-based control, and a sequential clap recognition system, both made possible through an internet
connection. These methods are further supplemented by an additional manual switching option, thereby ensuring
a diverse range of control methods. The processing core of this system consists of an Arduino Uno and an ESP32
Devkit module. In conjunction with these, a sound detector is employed to discern and process a variety of clap
patterns, which is set to function at a predefined threshold. The Amazon Alexa Echo Dot serves as the primary
interface for voice commands and real-time information retrieval. Furthermore, an Android smartphone, equipped
with the Alexa application, provides alternate interfaces for appliance control, through both soft buttons and voice
commands. Based on an analysis of this system, it is suggested that it is not only viable but also effective. Key
attributes of the system include rapid response times, aesthetic appeal, secure operation, low energy consumption,
and most importantly, increased accessibility for physically disabled individuals
Sensor Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems
Modern society faces serious problems with transportation systems, including but not limited to traffic congestion, safety, and pollution. Information communication technologies have gained increasing attention and importance in modern transportation systems. Automotive manufacturers are developing in-vehicle sensors and their applications in different areas including safety, traffic management, and infotainment. Government institutions are implementing roadside infrastructures such as cameras and sensors to collect data about environmental and traffic conditions. By seamlessly integrating vehicles and sensing devices, their sensing and communication capabilities can be leveraged to achieve smart and intelligent transportation systems. We discuss how sensor technology can be integrated with the transportation infrastructure to achieve a sustainable Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) and how safety, traffic control and infotainment applications can benefit from multiple sensors deployed in different elements of an ITS. Finally, we discuss some of the challenges that need to be addressed to enable a fully operational and cooperative ITS environment
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Major requirements for building Smart Homes in Smart Cities based on Internet of Things technologies
The recent boom in the Internet of Things (IoT) will turn Smart Cities and Smart Homes (SH) from hype to reality. SH is the major building block for Smart Cities and have long been a dream for decades, hobbyists in the late 1970s made Home Automation (HA) possible when personal computers started invading home spaces. While SH can share most of the IoT technologies, there are unique characteristics that make SH special. From the result of a recent research survey on SH and IoT technologies, this paper defines the major requirements for building SH. Seven unique requirement recommendations are defined and classified according to the specific quality of the SH building blocks
Simulation of Mixed Critical In-vehicular Networks
Future automotive applications ranging from advanced driver assistance to
autonomous driving will largely increase demands on in-vehicular networks. Data
flows of high bandwidth or low latency requirements, but in particular many
additional communication relations will introduce a new level of complexity to
the in-car communication system. It is expected that future communication
backbones which interconnect sensors and actuators with ECU in cars will be
built on Ethernet technologies. However, signalling from different application
domains demands for network services of tailored attributes, including
real-time transmission protocols as defined in the TSN Ethernet extensions.
These QoS constraints will increase network complexity even further.
Event-based simulation is a key technology to master the challenges of an
in-car network design. This chapter introduces the domain-specific aspects and
simulation models for in-vehicular networks and presents an overview of the
car-centric network design process. Starting from a domain specific description
language, we cover the corresponding simulation models with their workflows and
apply our approach to a related case study for an in-car network of a premium
car
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