GTO (Ready to work and defence) complex and development of physical training of popular masses in the Urals in 1931-1941

В статье исследуется становление комплекса ГТО в 1931-1941 гг. на Урале, анализируются изменения, произошедшие в результате этого в физкультурно-массовой работе

Stalinist Cosmopolitanism

Review of Moscow, the Fourth Rome: Stalinism, Cosmopolitanism, and the Evolution of Soviet Culture, 1931–1941 by Katerina Clark. Cambridge, MA: harvard University Press, 2011. Pp. 432. $38.50 cloth

Okefenokee family letters to Jean Sherwood Harper

This collection consists of letters from Okefenokee families, including members of the Chesser family, to Jean Sherwood Harper from 1931-1941. Also includes a typescript of seven poems authored by Jean Sherwood Harper. Find this collection in the University Libraries\u27 catalog.https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/finding-aids/1221/thumbnail.jp

La evolución del logotipo en el programa de mano Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

El presente artículo analiza, desde una perspectiva multidisciplinar, la evolución del logotipo de una de las principales productoras y distribuidoras de Hollywood, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, durante sus llamados “años dorados” (1931-1941), utilizando el programa de mano como fuente primaria de la investigación. Tras un minucioso estudio, el programa de mano se revela como un peculiar método de publicidad cinematográfica que, rebasando los límites de su función originaria, se puede convertir en modelo de expresión artística, coyuntural elemento propagandístico, archivo visual de imágenes perdidas o auténtico objeto de culto para coleccionistas.This article analyze, from an interdisciplinary perspective, the course of the advertising emblem of one of Hollywood´s main producers and distributors, MGM, during the socalled Golden Years (1931/1941) using the program as a primary source of investigation. After a detailed study, the program reveals itself as a peculiar method of cinema advertising which, exceeding the limits of its original function, can become a model of art expression, structural advertising element, a visual file of lost images or real cult object for collectors

The Biological Standard of Living in the two Germanies.

Physical stature is used as a proxy for the biological standard of living in the two Germanies before and after unification in an analysis of a cross-sectional sample (1998) of adult heights, as well as among military recruits of the 1990s. West Germans tended to be taller than East Germans throughout the period under consideration. Contrary to official proclamations of a classless society, there were substantial social differences in physical stature in East-Germany. Social differences in height were greater in the East among females, and less among males than in the West. The difficulties experienced by the East-German population after 1961 is evident in the increase in social inequality of physical stature thereafter, as well as in the increasing gap relative to the height of the West-German population. After unification, however, there is a tendency for East-German males, but not of females, to catch up with their West-German counterparts

Public-private substitution in higher education : has cost-sharing gone too far?

This paper looks at the current challenge facing higher education by exploring the historical relationship between higher education funding and long economic cycles in the UK, USA and France. It examines the consequence of the transformation of public-private income in higher education that followed the 1970s downturn, questioning whether the rise of private resources acted as additional or substitutive resources for public spending. The paper suggests that there is a risk that the cost-sharing strategy could be turned into a policy of public-private substitution of funding and provision, leading to a transfer rather than an increase of resources with strong implications on quality and equity. However, the Kondratiev cycle suggests an alternative route by designating the impact of the 1970s economic downturn on education as unique. Previous economic crises were contemporary of accelerations of public funding towards education which in fact contributed to economic recovery. The current crisis could represent an opportunity to revive counter-cyclical policy by looking not only at efficient public spending but also at developing fairer taxation. A revival of public funding complemented by an additional rather than substitutive diversification of income would rebalance the public-private structure of funding and drive a sustainable higher education system capable of playing a key part in these counter-cyclical transformations

Forecasting Labor Force Participation and Economic Resources of the Early Baby Boomers

This paper forecasts the retirement patterns and resources of the Early Baby Boomers by estimating forward-looking dynamic models of labor force participation, wealth accumulation and pension and Social Security benefit claiming for older workers using seven waves of HRSdata. The two most important innovations of our proposed approach are the use of alternative measures of pension entitlements and the associated incentives, and accounting for subjective expectations about future work. Our main findings are that the Early Baby Boomers will work longer and claim Social Security later.