An architecture for distributed ledger-based M2M auditing for Electric Autonomous Vehicles

Electric Autonomous Vehicles (EAVs) promise to be an effective way to solve transportation issues such as accidents, emissions and congestion, and aim at establishing the foundation of Machine-to-Machine (M2M) economy. For this to be possible, the market should be able to offer appropriate charging services without involving humans. The state-of-the-art mechanisms of charging and billing do not meet this requirement, and often impose service fees for value transactions that may also endanger users and their location privacy. This paper aims at filling this gap and envisions a new charging architecture and a billing framework for EAV which would enable M2M transactions via the use of Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT)

Architecture for Mobile Heterogeneous Multi Domain Networks

Multi domain networks can be used in several scenarios including military, enterprize networks, emergency networks and many other cases. In such networks, each domain might be under its own administration. Therefore, the cooperation among domains is conditioned by individual domain policies regarding sharing information, such as network topology, connectivity, mobility, security, various service availability and so on. We propose a new architecture for Heterogeneous Multi Domain (HMD) networks, in which one the operations are subject to specific domain policies. We propose a hierarchical architecture, with an infrastructure of gateways at highest-control level that enables policy based interconnection, mobility and other services among domains. Gateways are responsible for translation among different communication protocols, including routing, signalling, and security. Besides the architecture, we discuss in more details the mobility and adaptive capacity of services in HMD. We discuss the HMD scalability and other advantages compared to existing architectural and mobility solutions. Furthermore, we analyze the dynamic availability at the control level of the hierarchy

Optimizing Energy Efficiency in UAV-Based Wireless Communication Networks: A Comparative Analysis of TAODV and DSR Protocols using the Trust Score Algorithm for Signal Processing

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of energy efficiency optimization in signal processing algorithms for UAV-based wireless communication networks. Employing a multifaceted approach that integrates mathematical modeling, game theory analysis, and an array of testing methodologies, the research aims to address the critical challenge of enhancing communication protocol performance while minimizing energy consumption. Central to our investigation is the development and application of the Trust Score Algorithm (TSA), a novel quantitative tool designed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of various signal processing algorithms across multiple dimensions, including energy efficiency, reliability, adaptability, security, and latency. Through detailed comparative analysis and data visualization techniques, the study reveals that the Proposed_TAODV protocol significantly outperforms traditional TAODV and DSR protocols in several key metrics. These include throughput efficiency, end-to-end delay, and packet delivery ratio, particularly as the number of UAV nodes scales up. Such findings underscore the Proposed_TAODV protocol's superior stability and performance, advocating for its potential in improving the sustainability and effectiveness of UAV-based communication networks. The research methodology encompasses both theoretical and empirical testing phases, ranging from simulation-based analysis, to validate the performance of the signal processing algorithms under varied operational conditions. The results not only affirm the superior performance of the Proposed_TAODV protocol but also highlight the utility of the TSA in guiding the selection and optimization of signal processing algorithms for UAV networks

Wireless Communication Technologies for Safe Cooperative Cyber Physical Systems

Cooperative Cyber-Physical Systems (Co-CPSs) can be enabled using wireless communication technologies, which in principle should address reliability and safety challenges. Safety for Co-CPS enabled by wireless communication technologies is a crucial aspect and requires new dedicated design approaches. In this paper, we provide an overview of five Co-CPS use cases, as introduced in our SafeCOP EU project, and analyze their safety design requirements. Next, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the main existing wireless communication technologies giving details about the protocols developed within particular standardization bodies. We also investigate to what extent they address the non-functional requirements in terms of safety, security and real time, in the different application domains of each use case. Finally, we discuss general recommendations about the use of different wireless communication technologies showing their potentials in the selected real-world use cases. The discussion is provided under consideration in the 5G standardization process within 3GPP, whose current efforts are inline to current gaps in wireless communications protocols for Co-CPSs including many future use casesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Review on Security of Information Dissemination and Various Protocols in the Internet-of-Vehicles

Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is viewed as a developing worldview for associated vehicles to trade their data with different vehicles utilizing vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) correspondences by framing a vehicular ad-hoc systems (VANETs), with roadside units utilizing vehicle-to-roadside (V2R) interchanges. Performance of this smart ITS mainly owes to the design of efficient routing protocols in VANETs. Distinct features of VANETs like unsteady connectivity, high mobility and partitioning of the network have made routing of the information in VANETs difficult and challenging, hence dictating the development of efficient routing protocols. The computation of the best route measures the performance of communication whereas routing protocols takes care of communication & routing of the data. Provision of smart communication, necessitates the analysis of routing protocols in VANET. Accordingly in this paper, reviewed various types of existing routing protocols and security approaches in VANET are discussed

Internet of Drones (IoD): Threats, Vulnerability, and Security Perspectives

The development of the Internet of Drones (IoD) becomes vital because of a proliferation of drone-based civilian or military applications. The IoD based technological revolution upgrades the current Internet environment into a more pervasive and ubiquitous world. IoD is capable of enhancing the state-of-the-art for drones while leveraging services from the existing cellular networks. Irrespective to a vast domain and range of applications, IoD is vulnerable to malicious attacks over open-air radio space. Due to increasing threats and attacks, there has been a lot of attention on deploying security measures for IoD networks. In this paper, critical threats and vulnerabilities of IoD are presented. Moreover, taxonomy is created to classify attacks based on the threats and vulnerabilities associated with the networking of drone and their incorporation in the existing cellular setups. In addition, this article summarizes the challenges and research directions to be followed for the security of IoD.Comment: 13 pages, 3 Figures, 1 Table, The 3rd International Symposium on Mobile Internet Security (MobiSec'18), Auguest 29-September 1, 2018, Cebu, Philippines, Article No. 37, pp. 1-1

Remotely piloted aircraft systems and a wireless sensors network for radiological accidents

In critical radiological situations, the real time information that we could get from the disaster area becomes of great importance. However, communication systems could be affected after a radiological accident. The proposed network in this research consists of distributed sensors in charge of collecting radiological data and ground vehicles that are sent to the nuclear plant at the moment of the accident to sense environmental and radiological information. Afterwards, data would be analyzed in the control center. Collected data by sensors and ground vehicles would be delivered to a control center using Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) as a message carrier. We analyze the pairwise contacts, as well as visiting times, data collection, capacity of the links, size of the transmission window of the sensors, and so forth. All this calculus was made analytically and compared via network simulations.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Blockchain Solutions for Multi-Agent Robotic Systems: Related Work and Open Questions

The possibilities of decentralization and immutability make blockchain probably one of the most breakthrough and promising technological innovations in recent years. This paper presents an overview, analysis, and classification of possible blockchain solutions for practical tasks facing multi-agent robotic systems. The paper discusses blockchain-based applications that demonstrate how distributed ledger can be used to extend the existing number of research platforms and libraries for multi-agent robotic systems.Comment: 5 pages, FRUCT-2019 conference pape

Security Architecture for Swarms of Autonomous Vehicles in Smart Farming

Nowadays, autonomous vehicles are incorporated into farms to facilitate manual labour. Being connected vehicles, as IoT systems, they are susceptible to cyber security attacks that try to cause damage to hardware, software or even living beings. Therefore, it is important to provide sufficient security mechanisms to protect both the communications and the data, mitigating any possible risk or harm to farmers, livestock or crops. Technology providers are aware of the importance of ensuring security, and more and more secure solutions can be found on the market today. However, generally, these particular solutions are not sufficient when they are part of complex hybrid systems, since there is no single global solution proposal. In addition, as the number of technologies and protocols used increases, the number of security threats also increases. This article presents a cyber-security architecture proposal for swarms of heterogeneous vehicles in smart farming, which covers all of the aspects recommended by the ISO 7798-2 specification in terms of security. As a result of this analysis, a detailed summary of the possible solutions and available technologies for each of the communication channels of the target system as well as some recommendations are presented.ECSEL JU (H2020–EU.2.1.1.7.–ECSEL RIA) and the Spanish Ministry of Economic Affairs and Digital Transformatio