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    Poetics of time in Serbian oral epic poems recorded before V. S. Karadžić and in his collections

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    ΠŸΡ€Π²ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡ‚Π½ΠΈ Ρ†ΠΈΡ™ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ ΠΈΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ° Π±ΠΈΠΎ јС ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ Π΄Π° Спско Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΡ€Π° функционисати ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ искључиво ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ β€žΠ·Π°Ρ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€Π΅Π½ΠΎβ€œ, Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡƒΠ·ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈ β€žΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€Π²ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ°Ρ˜β€œ Ρƒ односу Π½Π° Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³Π΅ Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡ…Π΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ сС Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎ сматрало, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎΡ˜ аналогији српскС Π΅ΠΏΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ руских Π±ΠΈΡ™ΠΈΠ½Π°. Основна ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ ΠΈΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ° јС сСмиотичка, Π° ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π° сС ΠΈΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ ΡƒΠΊΡ€ΡˆΡ‚Π°Π»ΠΎ с Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΈΠΌ, лингвистичким, ΠΊΡšΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΈΠΌ, Π°Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠΈΠΌ, ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠΌ сазнањима (Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π·ΠΈΡˆΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°), Π½Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ јС ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎ интСрдосциплинарни ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ јС ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ»ΡƒΡ€Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡƒ. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΈΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ° Π±ΠΈΠΎ јС Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ сС Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ Ρƒ пСсми (Π½Π°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅) ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΠΈΡˆΠ΅ Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎΡ€Π΅Ρ’Π΅ΡšΡƒ с Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ˜Π΅Ρ›ΠΈΠΌ (ΠΈΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ˜ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ, Ρ‚Ρ˜. ΠΎΠ±Ρ˜Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌ) Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΎ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡˆΠ΅ Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈ биографског Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΎΠ΄Ρ€Π΅Ρ’Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ свСга социокултурним Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΡ˜Π°ΠΌΠ° Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΡ‚Π²Π° Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ˜Π°Π½Ρ‚Π° Сгзистира, Π²Π΅Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π·Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ узраснС ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚Π΅. ΠŸΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚Π½Π° Ρ‚Π°Ρ‡ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ΄ којС сС Π΄Π°Ρ™Π΅ самСрава биолошко ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ˜Π°Π»Π½ΠΎ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ јС Ρ€ΠΎΡ’Π΅ΡšΠ΅ Ρ˜ΡƒΠ½Π°ΠΊΠ°, којС јС, ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»Ρƒ, нСсвакидашњС, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ, уосталом, ΠΈ њСгово ΠΏΠΎΡ€Π΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎ. Π”Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡšΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ˜Π΅ сразмСрно ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΊΠΎ, Π° ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΆΠ΅ΡšΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΎΠ³ статуса Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‚Π° ΠΎΡΡ‚Π²Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡ˜Π΅ сС ΠΏΡ€Π²ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠΌ, односно Ρ˜ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ‡ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΄Π±ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ сС Ρ˜ΡƒΠ½Π°ΠΊΡƒ адолСсцСнту ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π·Π±Π΅Ρ’ΡƒΡ˜Π΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ статус – ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ³ Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°. Када јСдном освоји статус Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΈ Ρ˜ΡƒΠ½Π°ΠΊ остатак ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ‚Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ Ρƒ њСговом сталном ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π²Ρ€Ρ’ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΡƒ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΡƒ, ΠΈΠ· јСдног ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π° Ρƒ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈ. Π—Ρ€Π΅Π»ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°, стога, Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡˆΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠΈΡ€Π°Π½ΠΈ (ΡƒΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡ‡Π°Ρ˜Π΅Π½ΠΈ) узрасни ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚ Ρ˜ΡƒΠ½Π°ΠΊΠ°. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π°Π²Π°ΡšΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ˜ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ‡ΠΊΠΈΡ… Π°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ±ΡƒΡ‚Π° (коња ΠΈ ΠΎΡ€ΡƒΠΆΡ˜Π°) сину, Ρ˜ΡƒΠ½Π°ΠΊ сС ΠΎΠ΄Ρ€ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ свог статуса ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π»Π°Π·ΠΈ Ρƒ ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ˜Ρƒ старих Π»ΠΈΡ†Π°. Излазак ΠΈΠ· Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠ³ статуса ΠΎΡΡ‚Π²Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡ˜Π΅ сС Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π° Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½Π° – ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³Π° – уласком Ρƒ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³ савСтника (ΠΌΡƒΠ΄Ρ€Π°Ρ†Π°), ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ одласком Ρƒ смрт, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌΡƒ Ρ›Π΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ˜ΡƒΠ½Π°ΠΊΡƒ, саобразно сиТСима пСсама ΠΎ смрти Ρ˜ΡƒΠ½Π°ΠΊΠ°, ΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ β€žΠ½Π΅ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡ‡Π½Π°β€œ смрт. ΠžΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½Π° Ρ€ΠΎΡ’Π΅ΡšΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ смрћу, Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΡ˜Π° Спског Ρ˜ΡƒΠ½Π°ΠΊΠ°, Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΌ сиТСу, Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ›Π΅ јСдан ΠΎΠ΄ (ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°Ρ˜Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ˜ΠΈΡ…) Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½ΡƒΡ‚Π°ΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ· ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ‚Π° Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ° (ΠΏΡ€Π²ΠΈ сукоб, ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΄Π±Ρƒ ΠΈ сл), ΠΏΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΡƒΡ›ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Ρ‚Π°Ρ‡ΠΊΠ΅ врСмСнску Π°Ρ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρƒ пСсмС...The previous goal of this research was to show that epic time does not have to function exclusively as β€œclosed”, nor to hold β€œthe island position” put against the other epochs, the opinion that prevailed in recent times when Serbian folk epic and Russian epic folk songs (byliny) were compared. The main method of this research is semiological, but when the reseached mingled with scientific, linguistic, literary scientific, antropological and other types of knowledge (different methodological points of departure), it inevitably took interdisciplinary character and lead to methodological pluralism. The main point of this research was to figure out the way in which time in a poetic narrative (narrative time) relates to the real (historical, i.e., objective) time, as well as the way it functions as biographical time of the character determined by sociocultural facts in which a variation exists, connected to different age identities. The starting point from which biological and social time measures is the birth of a hero. His birth as well as his origin is highly unusual. The period of childhood lasts relatively shortly. The liminal phase of the child is abandoned with his first achievement, or heroic marriage. The adolescent then acquires a new status – status of young warrior. Once the status of warrior is acquired, the hero spends the rest of his life in constant confirmation, more with every battle. Adulthood, therefore, functions as an unmarked (usual) maturity identity of the hero. By handing down his heroic symbols (the horse and the weapon) to his son, the hero renounces his status and becomes old. His leaving is accomplished in two ways – by changing the surrounding – becoming an advisor or a sage – or by dying whereby the unusual hero, in compliance with the the plots of the hero's death poems, faces unusual death. Bounded by birth and death, biography of an epic hero in a particular plot actualizes one of the (usually most important) moments of his life (the first conflict, marriage, etc.) weaving around this point the temporal foundation of the poem. Time in oral folk epic creates a very compound system of relations – both in extra-poetic reality and within the β€œepic time”. The first type of relationship is achieved with breaking through the barrier of the (recent) past in chronicle modeled poems, by introducing the narrators alter ego, a narrator – participant (i.e., by introducing the internal perspective of the text). Unlike..
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