173 research outputs found
Changes in the prevalence of atrial fibrillation in the Russian population over a 13-year follow-up
AIM: To study the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in the Russian urban population cohort aged 45-69 years and its changes over 13-year follow-up during aging.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional long-term prospective study included random population sample of men and women 45-69 years (n=9360, HAPIEE project, Novosibirsk), which was examined in 2003-2005 and was re-examined twice and followed up for about 13Β±1,00 years in men and 13,1Β±2,17 years in women. The incidence of AF was assessed for individuals without AF or cardiovascular disease (CVD) at the baseline examination. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software package (v.13.0).
RESULTS: In a population sample over a 13-year follow-up, AF prevalence increased from 1,6% (1,1% among women and 2,1% among men) at the age of 45-69 years to 4,2% (3,0% among women and 6,1% among men) aged 55-84 years according to screening rest ECG examinations. The prevalence of new AF cases over a 13-year followup in the cohort of 45-69 years old without previous CVD and AF was 5,6%, of which 40% were paroxysmal. The mean age at the time of first registered AF was 69Β±6,93 years, and was 2 years higher in women (70,0Β±6,83) than in men (68Β±6,93). The average period before the AF onset among people aged 45-69 years without baseline CVD and AF was 7,5Β±3,83 years for men and 8,1Β±4,02 years for women. The total prevalence of AF in the population sample was 8,3%. The highest AF prevalence was registered at the age of 65-69 years (11,4%) for men and 5 years later for women (12,0%) (p80 years decreased and amounted to 4,1% among men and 5,7% among women.
CONCLUSION: In the Russian population sample (Novosibirsk) aged 45-69, the AF prevalence increased from 1,6 to 8,3% over 13 years of follow-up. In addition, 473 new AF cases were identified, ~40% of which were paroxysmal AF. The prevalence of AF in the Siberian population sample for the 45-60 years age group is comparable with the large Russian and North American studies, but higher for persons aged 60-74 years and lower for older age group, for both men and women
Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΈ
Π ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ.In the course of the study, the concepts of corporation, corporate governance, principles and mechanisms of corporate governance were formulated, as well as the concepts and content of models, levels of corporate governance, an analysis was made of the development trends in the oil and gas sector, and the use of the National Corporate Governance Rating Index was proposed to manage the company's investment attractiveness
ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ - ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ
ΠΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ: 1) ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΈ;
2) Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ;
3) ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°.
ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ - ΠΠΠ "ΠΠ°Π·ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ³Π°Π· Π’ΠΎΠΌΡΠΊ"
ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ - ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΠΠ "ΠΠ°Π·ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ³Π°Π· Π’ΠΎΠΌΡΠΊ"Purpose - the development of measures to improve the human resources management system in the organization
Tasks: 1) to consider the theoretical aspects of human resource management in the oil and gas industry;
2) to assess the management of human resources in the analyzed organization;
3) to develop practical recommendations for improving the human resources management system and evaluate the effectiveness of the project.
Object - LLC Gazprom Transgaz Tomsk
Subject - human resources management system of Gazprom Transgaz Tomsk LL
Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΄ΡΡ Π° Π² ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΅ 310 ΠΠ ΠΠΠ "Π£ΡΠ°Π»Π²Π°Π³ΠΎΠ½Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΄"
ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ - ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΄ΡΡ
Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π°. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ - ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΄ΡΡ
Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π° ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π° 310 Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Β«ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎβΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Β«Π£ΡΠ°Π»Π²Π°Π³ΠΎΠ½Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΄Β» ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π€.Π. ΠΠ·Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ». Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ - ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΄ΡΡ
Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π‘ΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ: Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π΄Π²Π΅ Π³Π»Π°Π²Ρ, Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π³Π»ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ· 50 Π½Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, 6 ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, 17ΡΠ°Π±Π»ΠΈΡ, 9 ΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²
Π€ΠΠ£ΠΠ Π Π£ΠΠΠΠ Π«ΠΠ«Π₯ Π’ΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’Π Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠ₯ ΠΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠ₯ ΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π‘Π’ΠΠ ΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠΠ
ΠΠ°Π½ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ»ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π’Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Ρ
ΠΈΡΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ Π½Π° Π·ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡ
Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π°. ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π»Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π’Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π³ΠΈΠ±Π΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈ
ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π’Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ
Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ Π² Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π’Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ, ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ, Π΄Π°Π½ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ· ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° 2030
Π’Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ
The purpose of this work is a comprehensive study of the state of business and financial risk insurance in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. The study uses official statistical information on the amount of insurance premiums and payments under insurance contracts; uses a static method for analyzing the dynamics of the series and comparing indicators of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus in the field of insurance of business and financial risks. The review of scientific literature allowed us to show the relevance of the chosen topic, its scientific novelty and practical significance. To analyze the development trends, the author used an analysis method based on a sequential analysis of three indicators (the volume of insurance premiums (contributions), the volume of payments under insurance contracts, the payout ratio) for voluntary insurance and insurance of business and financial risks in the Russian Federation, then the same indicators were analyzed for property insurance and voluntary insurance of business risk in the Republic of Belarus. The learning experience of the insurance of this risk in the two countries allowed us to highlight the features of the insurance system: 1) voluntary insurance of business risks in the Republic of Belarus is developing dynamically and steadily, it is less affected by the crisis; 2) after 2015, and in Russia and in Belarus there has been a dramatic growth in the volume of concluded contracts; 3) the effectiveness of the system of insurance of entrepreneurial risk on average during the studied periods are higher in Russia than in Belarus. Currently, we can say that entrepreneurs in both countries continue to actively develop such a risk management tool as insurance. The analysis made it possible to fully describe the nature of the development of business and financial risk insurance in the selected countries.Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ. Π ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ; ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ» ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, Π΅Π΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ (ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠΉ (Π²Π·Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²), ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ) Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π² Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ: 1) Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΎΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°; 2) ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ 2015 Π³. ΠΈ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²; 3) ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π² Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ. Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²Π°ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ» ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ
Organization of medical care for students in dental clinics
The state of health of students is one of the important components of the well-being of society. One of the most important components of student health is its dental aspect. The purpose of the study was to study the organizational aspects of dental care for students and the development of scientifically based proposals for its improvement. The study was conducted in 2017- 2018. on the basis of the Department of Orthopedic Dentistry, DGMU and in dental clinics. The object of the study were boys and girls aged 17-25 years, only 327 people. The study showed that among students, 73.4% positively relate to an appearance in private dentistry, 15% - negatively, 12% - were undecided about this. For students is the most important when visiting the dental organization, are: the quality of medical care - 52%; the ability to quickly get help at a convenient time - 31 %; convenient territorial location, close to the place of study - 24%; free or affordable price -10%; friendly, attentive staff - 9%; aesthetics of the interior, staff and the corresponding service - 7%. 75% of students stated that high quality dental services are available only in the private sector. These data indicate that the quality of therapeutic and orthopedic care in commercial dental organizations is objectively at a higher level. Public dental clinics are inferior to commercial, both in quality of materials and in the quality of work performed.Π‘ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π² 2017-2018Π³Π³. Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΠΠ£ ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ
. ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π²ΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ 17-25 Π»Π΅Ρ, Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ 327 ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² 73,4% ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, 15% - ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, 12% - Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ: ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ-52%; Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ - 31 %; ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±Ρ - 24%; Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ -10%; Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅, Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π°-9% ; ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡ - 7%. 75% ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ΅. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅. ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ
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