Telegram from King Haakon VII to Governor Langer, 1933

Following an invitation to visit North Dakota from Governor William Langer, Haakon VII, King of Norway, responds by noting that a visit to the United States in 1933 would be impossible. Crown Prince Olav (later King Olav V) eventually visited North Dakota in 1939.https://commons.und.edu/langer-papers/1044/thumbnail.jp

Con motivo de lo representado al Consejo por varios Subdelegados y junats de Pósitos del reino acerca de que algunos Intendentes y Justicias de los pueblos

Lloc i data del text Madrid 24 de novembre de 1817Títol extret de les primeres línies del text"Papel sobre que algunos intendentes y Justicias de los pueblos trataban de incluir los fondos de estos pios establecimientos en la contribucion general" --Catàleg manual de la Biblioteca Econòmica CarandellEscrit sobre que alguns intendents i Justícies dels pobles intentaven incloure els fons dels establiments pius a la contribució general.

Por la Real Instrucción de 16 de Abril del anño pasado de 1816 y sus articulos

Lloc i data del text Salamanca 28 de febrer de 1818 signat per José FernandezTítol extret de les primeres línies del text"Real Instrucción por la que manda S. M. que para su munificencia pueda aliviar a sus vasallos se reunan y dirijan a la Administarción General" --Catàleg manual de la Biblioteca Econòmica CarandellInstrucció Reial per la que el rei per a la seva munificència pugui aliviar als seus vasalls, que es reuneixin i dirigeixin a l'Administració General.

Muy reservado. Por el Ilmo. Señor Gobernador del Consejo se ha comunicado el Real Acuerdo de esta Chancillería, por el conducto del Excmo. Señor Capitan General, Presidente de la misma, la orden, cuyo tenor, y el de la providencia dada en vista es el siguiente

Còpia reimpresa a Segovia el 16 d'octubre del mateix any certificada per Antonio Leonor BellesteroLloc i data del text: "Madrid 6 de octubre de 1827"Títol obtingut de les primeres línies del text"Real Acuerdo de la Chancillería dando cuenta de haberse recibido un pliego que, según su contenido es una proclama á los catalanes posterior á la llegada del Rey á Tarragona, y por la cual se intenta tambien sublevar á los Castellanos moviéndoles á que hagan causa comun con los revoltosos de Cataluña" --Catàleg manual de la Biblioteca Econòmica CarandellAcord Reial de la Cancelleria en que es fa una procalama als catalans després de l'arribada del rei a Tarragona, i per la qual s'intenta també sublevar als castellans per a que facin causa comú amb els revolucionaris de Catalunya.

Don Benito Cabezudo Escribano de Cámara del Rey nuestro Señor, y de Gobierno de las Salas del Crímen de esta su Corte y Chancillería

Lloc i data del text: "Segovia y su tierra á cinco de Junio de mil ochocientos veinte y cuatro" certificat per Justo Leonor VallesteroTítol obtingut de les primeres línies del text"Real Decreto de Fernando VII concediendo indulto y perdón general a todas las personas que hayan tenido parte en los disturbios" --Catàleg manual de la Biblioteca Ecobòmica CarandellDecret Reial de Ferran VII concedint indult i perdó general a totes les persones que hagin tingut a veure en els disturbis.

Elevated expression of type VII collagen in the skin of patients with systemic sclerosis. Regulation by transforming growth factor-beta.

A hallmark of systemic sclerosis (SSc) is the development of tissue fibrosis. Excessive production of several connective tissue components normally present in the dermis, including type I, III, V, and VI collagens as well as fibronectin and proteoglycans, is a consistent finding in the skin of SSc patients. Type VII collagen is a major constituent of anchoring fibrils, present in the skin at the dermal-epidermal basement membrane zone. TGF-beta has been shown to upregulate the expression of the type VII collagen gene. In this study, we assessed the expression of type VII collagen and TGF-beta in the skin of patients with SSc. Indirect immunofluorescence showed an abundance of type VII collagen in the patients\u27 skin, including the dermis. Ultrastructural analysis of SSc skin revealed an abundance of fibrillar material, possibly representing type VII collagen. The increased expression of type VII collagen epitopes was accompanied by the elevated expression of immunodetectable TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2. Dermal fibroblasts cultured from the affected individuals showed a statistically significant (P \u3c 0.02) increase in the expression of type VII collagen at the mRNA level, as detected by reverse transcription-PCR with a mutated cDNA as an internal standard, and increased deposition of the protein as assessed by indirect immunofluorescence. Thus, type VII collagen is abundantly present in SSc patients\u27 dermis, a location not characteristic of its normal distribution, and its aberrant expression may relate to the presence of TGF-beta in the same topographic distribution. The presence of type VII collagen in the dermis may contribute to the tightly bound and indurated appearance of the affected skin in SSc patients

Conditional Indexation Bias in Yields Reported on Inflation-Indexed Securities with Special Reference to UDIBONOS and TIPS

The real rate of return on inflation-indexed government securities is calculated and published as if indexation succeeded perfectly in keeping the real value of coupon and principal payments unchanged. In fact the procedure of indexing to the lagged momentum of the seasonally unadjusted CPI gives rise to three types of indexation bias that may change the expected real value of the future stream of payments in relation to the current par value. These biases are due to i) seasonality, ii) non-seasonal fluctuations in reported inflation rates, and iii) any expected “permanent” changes in future rates of inflation (or the reporting thereof) being capable of creating predictable changes in the real value of the inflation-adjusted principal with the indexation procedure actually in force. They are one more, directly quantifiable, reason why the reported yields do not provide the long-sought definite revelation of the riskless real rate of interest and hence of the expected rate of inflation by comparison with nominal interest rates.

The Role of Public Infrastructure Capital in Mexican Economic Growth

This paper develops and empirically implements a neoclassical growth model in which output depends on private capital and human capital as well as the quantity, means of financing, and efficiency of use of public capital. The empirical analysis is based on a cross section of 46 developing countries over the period from 1970 to 1990. In general, the paper finds empirical support for the importance of each of the three dimensions of public capital –quantity, financing, and efficiency– for long run standards of living and for transitional growth rates. The empirical results are applied to the recent performance of the Mexican economy.