154 research outputs found
ΠΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΡ : ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ΅
Π ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄, Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ°Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ, ΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π°ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ
Π‘Π’ΠΠΠΠΠΠ’Π ΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠ Π‘Π’ΠΠ€ΠΠΠΠΠ‘ΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ’ΠΠ’ΠΠ’ Π ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ’ΠΠ’Π‘ΠΠΠ’Π ΠΠΠ ΠΠ’ΠΠΠ
The paper analyses Goran Stefanovskiβs notions on tradition, identity and identity narratives, expressed in the works he wrote after his relocation to Canterbury, Great Britain, at the time when he was already regarded as one of the leading East European playwrights. Unlike James Joyceβs exile, which is characterized by his permanent animosity towards his homeland Ireland and its tradition, Goran Stefanovskiβs existence in another geographic, cultural and political context strengthened his affinity towards Macedonian tradition, which he defined as a pillar of the Macedonian identity. At the same time, he perceived his position as existing between two narratives, between two cultures (Macedonian and British), which underlines the necessity for his plays and essays to be interpreted within the context of transnational literature, as they were created and exist between two or more languages and cultural heritages.Π’Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡ Π³ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΠΎΡΠ°Π½ Π‘ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π°: ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ°, ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈ, ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π·Π΅Π½ΠΈ Π²ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΠ°Π½Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎ ΠΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΈ, ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°, Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π° Π²Π΅ΠΊΜΠ΅ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ Π·Π° Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΠΎΠ΄ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π° ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ°. ΠΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ΄ Π΅Π³Π·ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡ Π½Π° ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΡ ΠΠΎΡΡ, Π·Π° ΠΊΠΎΡ Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ°Π½ Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠ·ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ°, Π΅Π³Π·ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΠΎΡΠ°Π½ Π‘ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΎ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ° Π·Π°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π°ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ° Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π± Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ. ΠΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅, Π‘ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π³ΜΡ Π΄Π²Π° Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈ, Π΄Π²Π΅ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈ (ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°), ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ° Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π»Π° ΠΈ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΈ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π°Ρ Π²ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½Π°ΡΠ° Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·Π±ΠΈΡΠ° Π΄Π΅Π»Π° ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π³ΜΡ Π΄Π²Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΜΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°
Π§Π»Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π² ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΡΡΠΈ ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΈ
The appearance and growth ofΒ an active community inΒ aΒ seigneurial town were determined byΒ several factors, usually connected with its economic development. There were also various external factors that could influence theΒ process. An important role was played byΒ theΒ royal power that, as it is well known, held aΒ strong position inΒ England and was disinclined to support towns inΒ their struggle for self-governance. This article considers one more factor, i.e. theΒ influence ofΒ town alliances. TheΒ Confederation ofΒ theΒ Cinque Ports, aΒ privileged association ofΒ towns ofΒ south-east England that were obliged to serve theΒ king with their ships, is taken as anΒ example ofΒ such anΒ alliance. ItΒ is used to analyse theΒ influence ofΒ theΒ Confederation onΒ theΒ development ofΒ anΒ urban community inΒ aΒ seigneurial town. TheΒ research mostly focuses onΒ aΒ particular type ofΒ mediatised town, theΒ one under monastic rule. InΒ theΒ Cinque Ports, there were seven towns like that, i.e. Brightlingsea, Faversham, Fordwich, Rye, Sandwich, Stonar, and Winchelsea. TheΒ article examines theΒ causes and theΒ process ofΒ theΒ townsβ entry into theΒ Confederation, their position there, as well as theΒ influence ofΒ this membership onΒ their fight against their monastic lords and theΒ formation ofΒ aΒ self-governing community. TheΒ policy ofΒ theΒ Cinque Ports concerning theΒ seigneurial towns and their interactions with theΒ lords is also under consideration, which allows theΒ author to make some conclusions not only about theΒ development ofΒ theΒ towns inΒ question but also about theΒ nature ofΒ this urban association. TheΒ royal policy towards seigneurial towns also comes into view, as theΒ ports studied had special obligations towards theΒ king and, thus, he was more interested inΒ their affairs. TheΒ study mostly refers to theΒ documentation ofΒ theΒ Confederation and theΒ materials ofΒ theΒ townsβ archives. Although theΒ membership ofΒ theΒ Cinque Ports did not guarantee release from seigneurial power, it still gave theΒ towns aΒ basis, even aΒ legal one, to fight against their monastic lords. TheΒ struggle for their rights led to theΒ consolidation ofΒ theΒ townspeople and formation ofΒ an urban community. TheΒ Confederation supported its members morally, politically, and financially inΒ order to maintain their liberties. However, this was not enough to deliver them from theΒ monastic lordship, which was only possible with royal support.ΠΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΒ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²Β Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π²Β ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΒ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, Π²Β ΠΠ½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»Π° Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΌΠ° ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΒ Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π½Π΅Β ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½Π° ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌ Π²Β ΠΈΡ
Π±ΠΎΡΡΠ±Π΅ Π·Π°Β ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΒ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΒ β ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π²Β Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠ·Π°Ρ
. ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΡΡΠΈ ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ»Π΅Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ³ΠΎ-Π²ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°Π±Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°Β ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π²Β ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈΒ β Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΒ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠ°Β β ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ (ΠΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π³ΡΠΈ, Π Π°ΠΉ, Π‘ΡΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ, Π‘ΡΠ½Π΄Π²ΠΈΡ, Π£ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΈ, Π€Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΒ Π€ΠΎΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΡ). ΠΒ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈΒ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π²Β ΠΡΡΡ ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π²Β ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π°Β ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ Π½Π°Β Π±ΠΎΡΡΠ±Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΒ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΒ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Β Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Β ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΒ ΠΈΡ
Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΒ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π½Π΅Β ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΒ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΒ ΠΎΒ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π²Β ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²Β ΡΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π½Π°Β ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈΒ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΒ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π°ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ². Π₯ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π²Β ΠΡΡΠΈ ΠΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ
Π½Π΅Β Π³Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΒ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅Β ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡ, Π²Β ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ-ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΡΡΡΡΠΌ. ΠΡΡΡΠ°ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°Π² ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Π½ ΠΈΒ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π»Π° ΠΌΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΈΒ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΌ Π²Β ΠΈΡ
Π±ΠΎΡΡΠ±Π΅ Π·Π°Β ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ»Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ. Π’Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅Β ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅, ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ·-ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΉΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ
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