Scientific Approaches to Understanding the Conception of Global Economic Security

The purpose of this publication is to study scientific approaches to understanding the conception of global economic security. The analysis of current foreign and domestic sources made it possible to classify the scientific approaches of different authors regarding the essence and features of the conception of economic security: as a process of meeting needs; from the point of view of protecting the national interests of a particular country, business entities, individuals; as a state of the system-based object; as a condition for sustainable development; as features of the system elements; as a system for preventing harm; as a manifestation of an integrity of security measures; in terms of economic sustainability and sovereignty of a country; as an aggregate of conditions and factors; as a dynamic development of a system component. It is determined that the conception of global economic security covers a wide range of interrelated issues and elements, such as investment verification, instruments to counteract coercion, research integrity, and stability of supply chains. When focusing on supply chain stability, three main issues should be considered. It is found that the regimes of national economic security require a balance between defensive and offensive policies depending on the specific conditions of the country. The main factors in developing strategies are national security interests and competitive advantages in certain sectors of the trade. Transparency and information exchange between countries is the first step towards meaningful international cooperation on economic security issues. This is crucial to avoid creating protectionist economic weapons that countries can use against rivals. It is defined that in a rapidly changing world, the issue of global economic security becomes the most open and at the same time of responsibility in case of calling and responding to problems caused by various factors of society life as a subject of international economic relations, developing effective mechanisms for dealing with challenges in the sectoral economic parts of the institution of economy

Alternate Derivation of Ginocchio-Haxton relation [(2j+3)/6]

We address the problem, previously considered by Ginocchio and Haxton (G-H), of the number of states for three identical particles in a single j-shell with angular momentum J=j. G-H solved this problem in the context of the quantum Hall effect. We address it in a more direct way. We also consider the case J=j+1 to show that our method is more general, and we show how to take care of added complications for a system of five identical particles.Comment: 7 pages, RevTeX4; submitted to Phys. Rev.

Reviews guidance for schools: key stage 2, years 3-6

"This guidance provides schools with information about the review services available in 2010... This guidance provides information on the: marking process, review services available, required steps for applying for each of the review services, and conditions for acceptance of review applications

Stiffness Exponents for Lattice Spin Glasses in Dimensions d=3,...,6

The stiffness exponents in the glass phase for lattice spin glasses in dimensions $d=3,...,6$ are determined. To this end, we consider bond-diluted lattices near the T=0 glass transition point $p^*$. This transition for discrete bond distributions occurs just above the bond percolation point $p_c$ in each dimension. Numerics suggests that both points, $p_c$ and $p^*$, seem to share the same $1/d$-expansion, at least for several leading orders, each starting with $1/(2d)$. Hence, these lattice graphs have average connectivities of $\alpha=2dp\gtrsim1$ near $p^*$ and exact graph-reduction methods become very effective in eliminating recursively all spins of connectivity $\leq3$, allowing the treatment of lattices of lengths up to L=30 and with up to $10^5-10^6$ spins. Using finite-size scaling, data for the defect energy width $\sigma(\Delta E)$ over a range of $p>p^*$ in each dimension can be combined to reach scaling regimes of about one decade in the scaling variable $L(p-p^*)^{\nu^*}$. Accordingly, unprecedented accuracy is obtained for the stiffness exponents compared to undiluted lattices ($p=1$), where scaling is far more limited. Surprisingly, scaling corrections typically are more benign for diluted lattices. We find in $d=3,...,6$ for the stiffness exponents $y_3=0.24(1)$, $y_4=0.61(2), y_5=0.88(5)$, and $y_6=1.1(1)$. The result for the upper critical dimension, $d_u=6$, suggest a mean-field value of $y_\infty=1$.Comment: 8 pages, RevTex, 15 ps-figures included (see http://www.physics.emory.edu/faculty/boettcher for related information

Multiwavelength polarization insensitive lenses based on dielectric metasurfaces with meta-molecules

Metasurfaces are nano-structured devices composed of arrays of subwavelength scatterers (or meta-atoms) that manipulate the wavefront, polarization, or intensity of light. Like other diffractive optical devices, metasurfaces suffer from significant chromatic aberrations that limit their bandwidth. Here, we present a method for designing multiwavelength metasurfaces using unit cells with multiple meta-atoms, or meta-molecules. Transmissive lenses with efficiencies as high as 72% and numerical apertures as high as 0.46 simultaneously operating at 915 nm and 1550 nm are demonstrated. With proper scaling, these devices can be used in applications where operation at distinct known wavelengths is required, like various fluorescence microscopy techniques