Tafsir Visual Terhadap Kepemimpinan

Kepemimpinan merupakan perilaku seseorang dalam mempengaruhi orang lain, untuk menjalankan apa yang telah menjadi keputusan dan tujuan bersama. Sulitnya mencari pemimpin yang berkarakter menjadi faktor penentu terjadinya krisis kepemimpinan. Pemimpin yang tidak berkarakter akan cenderung menyalahgunakan kedudukan. Masalah kepemimpinan yang terjadi di lingkungan sosial menjadi kegelisahan dan keprihatinan saya sebagai bagian dari anggota masyarakat. Kepemimpinan memiliki nilai keutamaan dalam kehidupan, karena tanpa kepemimpinan masing-masing individu akan dihadapkan pada suatu kekacauan. Metode yang digunakan mengacu pada Konsorsium Seni yaitu (1) persiapan; (2) elaborasi; (3) sintesis; (4) realisasi konsep dalam media seni; dan (5) penyelesaian, dalam bentuk karya seni. Penerapan metode saya lakukan dengan memodifikasi menjadi; (1) diam, tahap awal inspirasi penciptaan; (2) diperdalam dengan melakukan brainstorming dan observasi atau berada pada tahap persiapan mengumpulkan data dan elaborasi dengan melakukan analisis permasalahan; (3) dipilih, tahap sintesis mewujudkan konsepsi karya; (4) diwujudkan, tahap realisasi konsep menjadi wujud karya seni dan penyelesaian melalui tahap pengeraman/inkubasi karya (ditayuh). Visualisasi karya dilakukan dengan mentransformasikan nilai-nilai kepemimpinan ke dalam media seni lukis dan seni instalasi. Karya seni yang dihadirkan menjadi media ekspresi dan bahasa ungkap terkait masalah kepemimpinan. Harapannya, karya seni mampu menjadi cermin dari nilai-nilai kepemimpinan, dimana keberadaan bawahan/anggota/orang yang dipimpin merupakan bagian sentral dalam sebuah kepemimpinan. Sehingga, siapapun orangnya akan dapat memahami dan mengerti makna kepemimpinan dari sudut pandang yang berbeda

Alternating, pattern-avoiding permutations

We study the problem of counting alternating permutations avoiding collections of permutation patterns including 132. We construct a bijection between the set S_n(132) of 132-avoiding permutations and the set A_{2n + 1}(132) of alternating, 132-avoiding permutations. For every set p_1, ..., p_k of patterns and certain related patterns q_1, ..., q_k, our bijection restricts to a bijection between S_n(132, p_1, ..., p_k), the set of permutations avoiding 132 and the p_i, and A_{2n + 1}(132, q_1, ..., q_k), the set of alternating permutations avoiding 132 and the q_i. This reduces the enumeration of the latter set to that of the former.Comment: 7 page

miR-132/212 knockout mice reveal roles for these miRNAs in regulating cortical synaptic transmission and plasticity

miR-132 and miR-212 are two closely related miRNAs encoded in the same intron of a small non-coding gene, which have been suggested to play roles in both immune and neuronal function. We describe here the generation and initial characterisation of a miR-132/212 double knockout mouse. These mice were viable and fertile with no overt adverse phenotype. Analysis of innate immune responses, including TLR-induced cytokine production and IFNβ induction in response to viral infection of primary fibroblasts did not reveal any phenotype in the knockouts. In contrast, the loss of miR-132 and miR-212, while not overtly affecting neuronal morphology, did affect synaptic function. In both hippocampal and neocortical slices miR-132/212 knockout reduced basal synaptic transmission, without affecting paired-pulse facilitation. Hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) induced by tetanic stimulation was not affected by miR-132/212 deletion, whilst theta burst LTP was enhanced. In contrast, neocortical theta burst-induced LTP was inhibited by loss of miR-132/212. Together these results indicate that miR-132 and/or miR-212 play a significant role in synaptic function, possibly by regulating the number of postsynaptic AMPA receptors under basal conditions and during activity-dependent synaptic plasticity

Restricted 132-avoiding permutations

We study generating functions for the number of permutations on n letters avoiding 132 and an arbitrary permutation $\tau$ on k letters, or containing $\tau$ exactly once. In several interesting cases the generating function depends only on k and is expressed via Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind.Comment: 10 page

Restricted 132-Dumont permutations

A permutation $\pi$ is said to be {\em Dumont permutations of the first kind} if each even integer in $\pi$ must be followed by a smaller integer, and each odd integer is either followed by a larger integer or is the last element of $\pi$ (see, for example, \cite{Z}). In \cite{D} Dumont showed that certain classes of permutations on $n$ letters are counted by the Genocchi numbers. In particular, Dumont showed that the $(n+1)$st Genocchi number is the number of Dummont permutations of the first kind on $2n$ letters. In this paper we study the number of Dumont permutations of the first kind on $n$ letters avoiding the pattern 132 and avoiding (or containing exactly once) an arbitrary pattern on $k$ letters. In several interesting cases the generating function depends only on $k$.Comment: 12 page

Moral reasoning and homosexuality: the acceptability of arguments about lesbian and gay issues

In the political arena, lesbian and gay issues have typically been contested on grounds of human rights, but with variable success. Using a moral developmental framework, the purpose of this study was to explore preferences for different types of moral arguments when thinking about moral dilemmas around lesbian and gay issues. The analysis presented here comprised data collected from 545 students at UK universities, who completed a questionnaire, part of which comprised a moral dilemma task. Findings of the study showed that respondents do not apply moral reasoning consistently, and do not (clearly) favour human rights reasoning when thinking about lesbian and gay issues. Respondents tended to favour reasoning supporting existing social structures and frameworks, therefore this study highlights the importance of structural change in effecting widespread attitude change in relation to lesbian and gay rights issues. The implications of the findings for moral education are also discussed.</p

The Transposition of EU Law: ‘Post-Decisional Politics’ and Institutional Autonomy

The transposition of European Union (EU) law into national law is a significant part of the EU policy process. However, political scientists have not devoted to it the attention that it deserves. Here, transposition is construed as part of the wider process of policy implementation. Drawing on implementation theory from the field of public policy, the article outlines three sets of factors (institutional, political, and substantive) that affect transposition. Second, the article examines the manner in which eight member states transpose EU legislation, and identifies a European style of transposition. An institutionalist approach is employed to argue that this style is not the result of a process of convergence. Rather, it stems from the capacity of institutions to adapt to novel situations by means of their own standard operating procedures and institutional repertoires. It concludes by highlighting (a) the partial nature of efforts at EU level to improve transposition, themselves impaired by the politics of the policy process and (b) some ideas regarding future research

Permutations Containing and Avoiding 123 and 132 Patterns

We prove that the number of permutations which avoid 132-patterns and have exactly one 123-pattern equals (n-2)2^(n-3). We then give a bijection onto the set of permutations which avoid 123-patterns and have exactly one 132-pattern. Finally, we show that the number of permutations which contain exactly one 123-pattern and exactly one 132-pattern is (n-3)(n-4)2^(n-5).Comment: 5 page