3 research outputs found
âTo treat of the worldâ: Paul Otlet's ontology and epistemology and the circle of knowledge
Purpose â The purpose of this paper is to document how Paul Otlet, founding-father of what is termed
at present as âinformation scienceâ, attempted to provide a complete âimage of the worldâ (and reality in
general) by establishing the scientific discipline he dubbed âdocumentationâ. The paper also aims to
focus on how Otlet represented human knowledge and reality in a systematic and unified way.
Design/methodology/approach â A close reading of Otletâs primary works and some of his
personal archives was undertaken.
Findings â Most importantly, it is shown that Otletâs views on documentation were immersed in a
cosmological, objectivist, humanitarian and ontological framework that is alien to contemporary
information science. Correspondingly, his alleged affinity with positivism is reassessed.
Originality/value â The philosophical foundations of the origins of information science are
highlighted. Indirectly, this paper is relevant to the ongoing debate on realism and anti-realism in
information science.
Keywords Information science, History, Knowledge sharing, Document management, Encyclopaedias,
Entrepreneurialism
Paper type Research pape
Analyse documentaire en milieu universitaire : deux approches générales comparées
Ce mĂ©moire porte sur lâanalyse documentaire en milieu universitaire. Deux approches gĂ©nĂ©rales sont dâabord Ă©tudiĂ©es : lâapproche centrĂ©e sur le document (premier chapitre), prĂ©dominante dans la tradition bibliothĂ©conomique, et lâapproche centrĂ©e sur lâusager (deuxiĂšme chapitre), influencĂ©e par le dĂ©veloppement dâoutils le plus souvent associĂ©s au Web 2.0. Lâopposition entre ces deux dĂ©marches reflĂšte une dichotomie qui se trouve au cĆur de la notion de sujet, câest-Ă -dire les dimensions objective et subjective du sujet. Ce mĂ©moire prend par consĂ©quent la forme dâune dissertation dont lâavantage principal est de considĂ©rer Ă la fois dâimportants acquis qui appartiennent Ă la tradition bibliothĂ©conomique, Ă la fois des dĂ©veloppements plus rĂ©cents ayant un impact important sur lâĂ©volution de lâanalyse documentaire en milieu universitaire. Notre hypothĂšse est que ces deux tendances gĂ©nĂ©rales doivent ĂȘtre mises en relief afin dâapprofondir la problĂ©matique de lâappariement, laquelle dĂ©finit la difficultĂ© dâaccorder le vocabulaire quâutilise lâusager dans ses recherches documentaires avec celui issu de lâanalyse documentaire (mĂ©tadonnĂ©es sujet). Dans le troisiĂšme chapitre, nous examinons certaines particularitĂ©s liĂ©es Ă lâutilisation de la documentation en milieu universitaire dans le but de repĂ©rer certaines possibilitĂ©s et certaines exigences de lâanalyse documentaire dans un tel milieu. Ă partir dâĂ©lĂ©ments basĂ©s sur lâanalyse des domaines dâĂ©tudes et sur la dĂ©marche analytico-synthĂ©tique, il sâagit dâaccentuer lâinteraction potentielle entre usagers et analystes documentaires sur le plan du vocabulaire utilisĂ© de part et dâautre.The topic of this dissertation is subject analysis in a university environment. Two major approaches are studied at first: subject analysis centered on the document (first chapter), historically predominant in librarianship, and subject analysis centered on the user (second chapter), mostly influenced by the development of Web 2.0 technologies. The opposition between those two approaches reflects a dichotomy which is at the very heart of the notion of subject, meaning the objective and subjective aspects of the subject. The outline of the dissertation has the distinct advantage of presenting well established practices in the field of librarianship as well as recent developments that do have an impact on subject analysis in a university environment. Our hypothesis is that both major tendencies must be highlighted to study the question of mapping the terminology (subject metadata) that comes from subject analysis with the terminology that users tend to favor while searching for documents. In the third chapter, we examine more closely particularities of the university environment in an effort to look at distinct possibilities and requirements for subject analysis in such an environment. Reinforced by elements taken from domain and facet analysis, the goal is to accentuate the potential interaction between users and indexers on a terminological level