Photoprotective effects of Moringa Leaf (Moringa Oleifera) extract on UV-B–exposed skin: A systematic review

Abstract

Background: Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and extracellular matrix degradation in skin tissues, primarily through the upregulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and the reduction of type I collagen density. Moringa oleifera leaf extract contains abundant phenolic and flavonoid compounds, demonstrating strong antioxidant and photoprotective potential. Objective: To systematically evaluate experimental and clinical evidence on the photoprotective effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract against UVB-induced skin damage. Methods: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar (2010–2024). Eligible studies included in vitro, in vivo, and clinical research evaluating MMP-1 expression, collagen density, antioxidant biomarkers, or SPF using Moringa oleifera leaf extract. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2.0 (clinical), SYRCLE (animal), and an adapted ToxRTool framework (in vitro). Results: Of 167 records screened, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. One human clinical trial reported improved skin elasticity (R2 ? increased by 18.6%) and firmness (R5 ? increased by 24.5%) following the application of a 3% Moringa cream. In vitro studies demonstrated SPF values of 22–23 and strong antioxidant activity (IC?? 47–58 µg/mL). In vivo data showed significant enhancement of endogenous antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GPx, TAC) and reduction of lipid peroxidation (MDA).&nbsp