The Influence of the Intended Application of Ammonium Nitrate on Some Morphological Characteristics of Soybean

Abstract

Predsetvena primena amonijum nitrata obezbeđuje biljkama azot u početnim fazama rasta, sprečava azotnu depresiju pri nicanju biljaka i pozitivno utiče na prinos gajenih biljaka. Predsetvena primena većih količina amonijum nitrata kod mahunarki može imati i negativan efekat, jer blokira razvoj i efikasnost kvržičnih bakterija, što se negativno odražava na ostvareni prinos i morfološke osobine biljaka. Uticaj predsetvene primene različitih doza amonijum nitrata na prinos i morfološke osobine biljaka soje istraživan je tokom 2023. i 2024. godine na parcelama Poljoprivredne škole u Baču, sa srednjestasnom sortom soje NS Apolo. Dvogodišnji rezultati pokazuju da je predsetvena primena Amonijum nitrata od 100 kg ha-1 statistički veoma značajno povećala prinos soje, broj zrna po biljci i masu zrna po biljci, dok je primena amonijum nitrata u količini od 300 kg ha-1, u odnosu na primenu amonijum nitrata od 100 kgha-1, statistički veoma značajno smanjili prinos soje, a u odnosu na kontrolnu varijantu ogleda statistički veoma značajno smanjila broj zrna po biljci i masu zrna po biljci. Prevelike doze amonijum nitrata mogu dovesti do smanjenja prinosa i negativno uticati na morfološke osobine biljaka soje.Pre-sowing application of ammonium nitrate provides plants with nitrogen in the initial stages of growth, prevents nitrogen depression during plant emergence and has a positive effect on the yield of cultivated plants. The pre-sowing application of larger amounts of ammonium nitrate in legumes can also have a negative effect, because it blocks the development and efficiency of nodule bacteria, which negatively affects the achieved yield and morphological characteristics of the plants. The influence of the pre-sowing application of different doses of ammonium nitrate on the yield and morphological characteristics of soybean plants was investigated during 2023 and 2024 on the plots of the agricultural school in Bač, with the medium-sized soybean variety NS Apolo. The two-year results show that the pre-sowing application of ammonium nitrate of 100 kg ha-1 statistically significantly increased the yield of soybeans, the number of grains per plant and the weight of grains per plant, while the application of ammonium nitrate in the amount of 300 kgha-1, compared to the application of ammonium nitrate of 100 kg ha-1, statistically significantly reduced the yield of soybeans, and compared to the control variant, it statistically significantly reduced the number of grains per plant and the weight of grains per plant. Excessive doses of ammonium nitrate can lead to a decrease in yield and negatively affect the morphological characteristics of soybean plants