Genotypic variability of grain number and grain mass per spike in bread wheat cultivars

Abstract

U radu je proučena varijabilnost komponenti prinosa (broj zrna po klasu i masa zrna po klasu) kod deset sorti ozime pšenice (Aleksandra, Planeta, Ana Morava, Toplica, KG-56S, Studenica, Kruna, Takovčanka, Vizija i Pobeda). Ogledi su izvedeni u Centru za strna žita Kragujevac tokom dve vegetacione sezone, po modelu retke setve (dužina reda 1m, sa razmakom 0,20 m između redova i 0,10 m između biljaka u redu), kako bi biljke ispoljile svoj genetički potencijal za ispitivane komponente prinosa. Analiza primarnog klasa urađena je u punoj fiziološkoj fazi zrelosti na uzorku od 60 biljaka (20 biljaka po ponavljanju). Ustanovljene su statistički visoko značajne razlike kod obe ispitivane komponente prinosa za genotip (F=25,84** za broj zrna/klasu; F=7,67** za masu zrna/klasu), godinu (F=255,98**; F=85,86**), i interakciju genotip×godina (F=15,45**; F=8,79**). Varijabilnost ispitivanih osobina bila je visoka, u proseku za obe godine. Koeficijent varijacije za broj zrna po klasu je iznosio 16,6%, a za masu zrna po klasu 19,3%). Najveći broj zrna po klasu, u proseku, imale su sorte Kruna (81,3) i Pobeda (77,0), a prosečna vrednost za ovu osobinu iznosila je 68 zrna po klasu. Prosečna vrednost mase zrna po klasu bila je 2,8 g, a najveću vrednost za ovo svojstvo ostvarile su sorte Vizija i Pobeda (3,1 g). Istraživanjima je ustanovljeno da su ispitivane komponente prinosa veoma varijabilne i da na njihovo ispoljavanje značajno utiču genetički i ekoloških faktori.In the paper, the variability of yield components (number of grains per spike and weight of grains per spike) was studied in ten varieties of winter wheat (Aleksandra, Planeta, Ana Morava, Toplica, KG-56S, Studenica, Kruna, Takovčanka, Vizija and Pobeda). Experiments were carried out at the Center for Small Grains in Kragujevac during two growing seasons, according to the sparse sowing model (row length 1m, with a distance of 0.20 m between rows and 0.10 m between plants in a row), so that the plants could express their genetic potential for the tested yield components. The analysis of primary spike was performed in the full physiological stage of maturity on a sample of 60 plants (20 plants per replication). Statistically highly significant differences were found in both examined components of yield for genotype (F=25.84** for number of grains per spike; F=7.67** for weight of grains per spike), year (F=255.98**; F=85.86**), and genotype×year interaction (F=15.45**; F=8.79**). The variability of the examined traits was high, on average for both years. The coefficient of variation for the number of grains per spike was 16.6%, and for the weight of grains per ear 19.3%). The cultivars Kruna (81.3) and Pobeda (77.0) had the highest number of grains per spike, and the average value for this trait was 68 grains per spike. The average value of grain mass per spike was 2.8 g, and the highest value for this property was achieved by the Vizija and Pobeda cultivars (3.1 g). Research has established that the tested yield components are highly variable and that their expression is significantly influenced by genetic and environmental factors