Optimized UHPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of quaternary ammonium compounds in water

Abstract

Objective Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are a class of cationic surfactants with potent antimicrobial properties and widespread application in household and industrial disinfectants. Due to their chemical stability and extensive use, QACs are increasingly detected in surface water and wastewater, raising concerns over their potential adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems. This study aimed to develop and validate a sensitive and selective analytical method for the quantification of 14 QACs in water samples using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS)