Phosphorylated chitosan and nano-sized TMP: Enhancing strength, antibiofilm action, and biocompatibility of restorative glass ionomer cements: Effect of incorporating chitosan and NP phosphate into a restorative cement formulation

Abstract

Objectives: Evaluated the effect of phosphorylated chitosan (ChiPh) and nano-sized sodium trimetaphosphate (TMPnano) incorporation into resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) on mechanical, fluoride release, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties. Methods: RMGIC was combined with ChiPh (0.25 %/0.5 %) and/or TMPnano (14 %). The diametral compressive/tensile strength (DCS/TS), surface hardness (SH) and degree of conversion (%DC) were determined. For fluoride (F) release, samples were immersed in DE/RE solutions. Antimicrobial/antibiofilm activity was evaluated by agar diffusion test/biofilm metabolism. Cytotoxicity on MDPC-23 odontoblast cell lines was evaluated. Results: TS and DCS (24 h), all the groups were similar (p > 0.05). After 7 days, RMGIC-14 %TMPnano-0.25 %ChiPh showed the best results for TS/DCS (p 0.05) after 24 h; after 7 days, all groups containing TMPnano and/or ChiPh showed higher SH when compared to RMGIC, except for RMGIC-0.5 % ChiPh. The %DC was similar for all groups (p = 0.172). There was a gradual release of F for all groups during the 15 days; in the cumulative analysis, after 15 days, the RMGIC-14 %TMPnano-0.25 %ChiPh group showed the highest value (p < 0.05). Viability against S. mutans was observed for the RMGIC-14 %TMPnano-0.25 %ChiPh group (p < 0.05). After 24 h, the RMGIC-0.25 %ChiPh and RMGIC-14 %TMPnano-0.25 %ChiPh groups showed the lowest cytotoxic effect (p = 0.371); at 48 h/72 h, only the RMGIC-14 %TMPnano-0.25 %ChiPh group showed similar cytocompatibility. Conclusion: The addition of ChiPh (0.25 %) and TMPnano (14 %) improved the RMGIC's mechanical, antimicrobial/antibiofilm and cytotoxic properties. Clinical relevance: ChiPh and TMPnano into RMGIC could be a promising restorative material for application in patients with active dental caries.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Department of Pediatric Clinics School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto São Paulo University, Avenida do Cafe, s/no, SPSchool of Dentistry University of Ribeirão Preto - UNAERP, SPSchool of Dentistry Araçatuba Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua José Bonifácio 1193, SPSchool of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo, SPSão Carlos Institute of Physics University of São Paulo, SPDepartment of Morphology Genetics Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (UNESP), R. Humaitá, 1680 - Centro, São PauloDepartment of Physics and Chemistry São Paulo State University (UNESP), SPInterdisciplinary Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Ceramics Department of Chemistry Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washington Luiz, s/nGraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, Km 235, SPPolyclinic of Operative Dentistry Periodontology and Pediatric Dentistry Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74School of Dentistry Araçatuba Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua José Bonifácio 1193, SPDepartment of Morphology Genetics Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (UNESP), R. Humaitá, 1680 - Centro, São PauloDepartment of Physics and Chemistry São Paulo State University (UNESP), SPFAPESP: #2020/15025-