Kandungan fitokimia dan aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol biji buah nyirih (Xylocarpus granatum ): Phytochemical and antibacterial activity of ethanol extract from cannonball mangrove (Xylocarpus granatum) fruit seeds

Abstract

Xylocarpus granatum (cannonball mangrove) is a mangrove species known as nyirih fruit in South Kalimantan. This study aims to determine the phytochemical content and antibacterial activity of the seeds from X. granatum fruit. The research stages included preparing cannonball mangrove fruit into powder, extracting the seed powder with ethanol, conducting phytochemical tests on the seed powder, preparing test bacteria, and testing the antibacterial properties of the ethanol extract from the cannonball mangrove seeds. The parameters tested were yield, proximate, phytochemical, and antibacterial tests against E. coli and S. aureus. The yield of cannonball mangrove fruit seeds was 21.17%, and the powder weight was 7.04%. Cannonball mangrove fruit seed powder contains 4.97% water content, 2.56% ash, 4.54% protein, 0.63% fat, and 2.5% crude fiber. Cannonball mangrove fruit seed powder contains saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, phenolics, steroids, and anthocyanins. The results of the antibacterial test showed that increasing the concentration of ethanol extract of cannonball mangrove fruit seed powder was inversely proportional to the total bacteria but directly proportional to the percent inhibition. Extracts of 20-90 µL showed total E. coli bacteria of log 9.32 CFU/g and log 1.18 CFU/g with percent inhibition of 5.93 and 88.05%. Extract concentrations of 1-15 µL against S. aureus bacteria showed total bacterial values of log 5.69 CFU/g and log 8.65 CFU/g with percent inhibition of 29.37 and 64.46. Antibacterial testing with the direct contact method showed the ability of ethanol extract of cannonball mangrove fruit seed powder to inhibit the growth of E. coli and S. aureus bacteria at low extract concentrations.Xylocarpus granatum adalah jenis mangrove yang dikenal dengan buah nyirih di Kalimantan Selatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan kandungan fitokimia dan aktivitas antibakteri biji buah X. granatum. Tahapan penelitian adalah preparasi buah nyirih menjadi bubuk buah nyirih, ekstraksi bubuk biji buah nyirih dengan pelarut etanol, uji fitokimia bubuk biji buah nyirih, preparasi bakteri uji, dan uji antibakteri ekstrak etanol biji buah nyirih. Parameter yang diuji, yaitu rendemen, proksimat, fitokimia, dan uji antibakteri terhadap E. coli dan S.aureus. Rendemen biji buah nyirih adalah 21,17% dan berat bubuk 7,04%. Bubuk biji buah nyirih mengandung kadar air 4,97%, abu 2,56%, protein 4,54 %, lemak 0,63%, dan serat kasar 2,5%. Bubuk biji buah nyirih mengandung senyawa saponin, alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, triterpenoid, fenolik, steroid, dan antosianin. Hasil uji antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi ekstrak etanol bubuk biji buah nyirih berbanding terbalik dengan total bakteri akan tetapi berbanding lurus dengan persen penghambatan. Ekstrak 20–90 µL memperlihatkan total bakteri E. coli sebesar log 9,32 CFU/g dan log 1,18 CFU/g dengan persen penghambatan sebesar 5,93 dan 88,05%. Konsentrasi ekstrak 1–15 µL terhadap bakteri S. aureus memperlihatkan nilai total bakteri sebesar log 5,69 CFU/g dan log 8,65 CFU/g dengan persen penghambatan sebesar 29,37 dan 64,46. Pengujian antibakteri dengan metode kontak langsung menunjukkan kemampuan ekstrak etanol bubuk biji buah nyirih menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri E. coli dan S. aureus pada konsentrasi ekstrak yang rendah

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Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia

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Last time updated on 26/07/2025

This paper was published in Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia.

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